‘Treating Africans differently’: using skin colour as proxy for HIV risk

Abstract

Experiences of stigmatising behaviour by health care professionals have a broad and significant range of impacts on patients' health outcomes.

Towards a new understanding of HIV‐related stigma in the era of efficient treatment‐ A qualitative reconceptualization of existing theory

“…It is, however, common that people may also experience other stigma, for example related to gender, origin, sexuality, etc. This can lead to an experience of layered stigma, grounded in the intersections of stigmatized characteristics (Henrickson & Fisher, 2016). It is interesting to note that while layered stigma was occasionally alluded to, albeit in different words, participants maintained their focus on the experience of HIV‐related stigma, despite some probing.…”

Barriers to and Recommendations for Equitable Access to Healthcare for Migrants and Refugees in Aotearoa, New Zealand: An Integrative Review

“…Most studies (n = 12) were qualitative, and one study used a mixed methodology. Although the review focused on both migrants and refugees, the majority of studies (n = 8) focused on refugee populations [ 26 , 33 – 39 ], one article focused on ‘refugee-like migrants’ (legal migrants with refugee-like backgrounds, e.g., migrant family members with refugee backgrounds) [ 5 ], one article was on “new settlers” [ 40 ], and three were on migrants [ 41 – 43 ]. All study participants came from low and middle-income or non-English speaking countries.…”

“…The length of stay of participants in Aotearoa prior to the studies also varied, with two studies not stating this information [ 35 , 43 ]. Three studies had an average of four and five years for women and men, respectively [ 33 , 34 , 38 ], one study was between three months to 21 years [ 40 ], one study between six months to three years [ 26 ], two studies with an average of 3.25 years [ 41 , 42 ] and another two studies between 1 and 19 years [ 36 , 37 ]. Two of the studies did not include any information of length of stay as they focused on healthcare providers [ 5 , 39 ].…”

“…For instance, the smallest sample had eight males [ 33 , 34 ]. Some studies did not mention the gender of participants, including one study on new settlers [ 40 ], two studies drew on healthcare providers [ 5 , 39 ], and one study involved refugees and healthcare providers as participants [ 33 ].…”

“…Participants from migrant, refugee, and refugee-like backgrounds discussed experiences of ostracism in both primary and secondary health care encounters [ 5 , 34 , 36 , 40 , 42 , 43 ]. For instance, Muslim women with refugee backgrounds felt they were underserved, such as being given painkillers without a thorough investigation of their symptoms [ 36 ], whilst Pakistani migrant women did not feel listened to or given no medication at all [ 42 ].…”