Traveling wave‐based protection for TCSC connected transmission lines using game theory

Abstract

This article aims to propose a novel single-end protection scheme for the compensated transmission line using traveling waves and game theory. First, this study evaluates the effects of thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) on traveling waves (TW) passing through TCSC location. Following that, it investigates the impacts of TCSC switching on conventional protections based on the traveling wave theory. In the next stage, a single-end method will be presented to protect faults on compensated transmission lines with TCSC. Moreover, the game theory will be employed to discriminate extracted TWs in this article. In total, two techniques (ie, mathematical morphology filter [MMF] and discrete wavelet transform [DWT]) will be used to process the signals and investigate the sensitivity of the proposed scheme regarding the extraction techniques of TW. The proposed protection scheme is revealed to be a reliable and accurate method for all possible types of faults on compensated transmission lines at the middle of the line and with various fault inception angles.

A fault location and detection technique for STATCOM compensated transmission lines using game theory

“…However, these two studies have been proposed for TCSC protection, and they sometimes encounter mis‐operations in the fault location for a fault after the compensator due to the presence of STATCOM and its high switching frequency. On the other hand, [14] and [15] show correct performance for internal fault owing to high sampling frequency and non‐degradation of high frequency TWs with STATCOM production harmonics; however, they face challenges when identifying external forward fault. In contrast, the double‐end algorithms proposed by [10] and [11] performed correctly.…”

“…However, they did not evaluate the harmonic effect produced by FACTS devices on the TWs. Due to the high switching frequency of STATCOM, SSSC, and UPFC, it is expected that [14] and [15] face challenges by the presence of these devices in the TL. [16] made an analysis on the interaction between TWs that are generated by faults and the harmonic frequencies produced by TCSC to estimate the fault location in the TCSC compensated TL.…”

“…In this method, the summation of the fourth level detail coefficients and the WSE of three‐phase currents are used to detect and classify the faults, respectively. [14] and [15] have proposed a single‐end method to protect the TLs compensated by static VAR compensator (SVC) and thyristor‐controlled series capacitor (TCSC) in the middle of the line, respectively. Moreover, these studies investigated the effect of the presence of SVC and TCSC on the performance of TW protection.…”

“…FIGURE13 Identified waves using SPNE for a fault in the first half of the TL (FT: SLG, FR: 50 Ω, FIA:15) …”

A Single-Ended Protection Principle for LCC-VSC-MTDC System with High Resistance Fault Tolerance

“…DC line protection is the first line of defense to ensure the safe and stable operation of DC lines. At present, the traveling wave protection principle of DC transmission lines includes two categories: Use time-domain information such as amplitude and differential and use frequency domain information such as frequency difference [6,7]. Time-domain mutation protection is mainly divided into two types: Epipolar and modulus [8,9].…”