Travel-Related Monkeypox Outbreaks in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic: Are We Prepared?

Adegboye, Oyelola A.; Castellanos, María Eugenia; Alele, Faith; Pak, Anton; Ezechukwu, Henry C.; Hou, Kay; Emeto, Theophilus I.

doi:10.3390/v14061283

Cited by 41 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The 2022 MPX outbreak among other zoonoses has once again highlighted the importance and interrelatedness between human, animal, and environmental health and highlights the need for investment and strengthening of healthcare systems to limit spillover events. Furthermore, these zoonotic diseases have no borders, especially with globalization and increased travel [24]. Therefore, controlling them requires a One…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-sectional Survey of Public Knowledge of the Monkeypox Disease in Nigeria

Al-Mustapha

Sikiru²,

Kolawole

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Recently named a global health emergency by the World Health Organization, the Monkeypox Disease (MPXD) has gained attention due to its widened geographical distribution outside of Africa and also due to the novel sexual transmission route. The index case in Europe was from a Nigerian traveler. This study assessed public awareness and knowledge of the MPXD by conducting an online, cross-sectional survey of educated Nigerians. The study participants were recruited using the snowball sampling method between the 16 th to 29 th of August 2022. A total of 822 Nigerians were included in this study. More responses were retrieved from the Northeastern geopolitical region (30.1%, n = 220) than other regions. Our study participants had high awareness of MPXD (89%, n = 731/822) but only 58.7% (n = 429/731) of them had good knowledge of MPXD with a mean knowledge score of 5.31 ± 2.09. The main knowledge gaps were in the incubation period of the disease, the signs and symptoms, its mode of transmission, and preventive practices needed to curb the spread of the monkeypox virus (MPXV). Specifically, only 24.48% (n = 179) knew that MPXV can be transmitted via sexual contact. Most of the study participants (79.2%, n = 651) opined that we can prevent the occurrence of public health emergencies in the future. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the male gender (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.22,2.33); Ph.D. level education (1.44; 95% CI: 0.48,4.23); and being homosexual (OR:1.65; 95% CI: 0.71,3.78) were significantly associated with good knowledge of MPXD. Despite the varying prevalence across the country, the region of residence within Nigeria did not influence the knowledge of MPXD among the respondents. Despite the high educational status of the majority of our respondents, there were key gaps in the public knowledge of the MPXD in Nigeria. Therefore, public health risk communication must be intensified with a focus on modes of transmission and the preventive measures needed to curb the spread of the MPXV using an integrated one-health approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-sectional Survey of Public Knowledge of the Monkeypox Disease in Nigeria

Al-Mustapha

Sikiru²,

Kolawole

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Prior to the ongoing HMPX outbreak, this emerging virus infection was limited to the endemic regions in West and Central Africa, with rare MPXV spillover events linked to travel to endemic areas or animal imports from these regions [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Healthcare Workers’ Knowledge and Their Confidence in the Diagnosis and Management of Human Monkeypox: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Middle Eastern Country

et al. 2022

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The ongoing multi-country human monkeypox (HMPX) outbreak was declared as a public health emergency of international concern. Considering the key role of healthcare workers (HCWs) in mitigating the HMPX outbreak, we aimed to assess their level of knowledge and their confidence in diagnosis and management of the disease, besides the assessment of their attitude towards emerging virus infections from a conspiracy point of view. An online survey was distributed among HCWs in Jordan, a Middle Eastern country, during May–July 2022 using a questionnaire published in a previous study among university students in health schools in Jordan. The study sample comprised 606 HCWs, with about two-thirds being either physicians (n = 204, 33.7%) or nurses (n = 190, 31.4%). Four out of the 11 HMPX knowledge items had <50% correct responses with only 33.3% of the study respondents having previous knowledge that vaccination is available to prevent HMPX. A majority of study respondents (n = 356, 58.7%) strongly agreed, agreed or somewhat agreed that the spread of HMPX is related to a role of male homosexuals. Confidence in the ability of diagnosis based on the available monkeypox virus diagnostic tests was reported by 50.2% of the respondents, while the confidence levels were lower for the ability to manage (38.9%) and to diagnose (38.0%) HMPX cases based on their current level of knowledge and skills. Higher confidence levels for HMPX diagnosis and management were found among physicians compared to nurses. The endorsement of conspiracy beliefs about virus emergence was associated with lower HMPX knowledge, the belief in the role of male homosexuals in HMPX spread, and with lower diagnosis and management confidence levels. The current study highlighted the gaps in knowledge regarding HMPX among HCWs in Jordan as well as the lack of confidence to diagnose and manage cases among physicians and nurses. Raising the awareness about the disease is needed urgently considering the rapid escalation in the number of cases worldwide with reported cases in the Middle East. The attitude towards male homosexuals’ role in HMPX spread necessitates proper intervention measures to prevent stigma and discrimination among this risk group. The adoption of conspiratorial beliefs regarding virus emergence was widely prevalent and this issue needs to be addressed with proper and accurate knowledge considering its potential harmful impact.

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“…In addition, the number of human monkeypox cases in Central Africa and West Africa is increasing, which is considered to be the result of the weakening of cross-protective immunity in the population after the smallpox vaccination was stopped in the early 1980s [20]. In addition, many human cases have been reported in nonendemic areas, including the United States, the UK, Israel, and Singapore [22]. These sporadic outbreaks in nonendemic areas are related to imported rodents or people with a history of travel to endemic areas.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease that spreads relatively inefficiently from person to person [30,31], and the incidence of the disease is increasing year by year [22,30,32]. Transmission is believed to occur via saliva/respiratory excretions or contact with lesion exudate or crust material, which can infect the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, throat and wounded skin.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Monkeypox Virus Transmission and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual global outbreak of monkeypox: what should we do?

et al. 2022

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Recently, monkeypox has become a global concern amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Monkeypox is an acute rash zoonosis caused by the monkeypox virus, which was previously concentrated in Africa. The re-emergence of this pathogen seems unusual on account of outbreaks in multiple nonendemic countries and the incline to spread from person to person. We need to revisit this virus to prevent the epidemic from getting worse. In this review, we comprehensively summarize studies on monkeypox, including its epidemiology, biological characteristics, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics, as well as therapeutics and vaccines, highlighting its unusual outbreak attributed to the transformation of transmission. We also analyze the present situation and put forward countermeasures from both clinical and scientific research to address it.

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Travel-Related Monkeypox Outbreaks in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic: Are We Prepared?

Cited by 41 publications

References 21 publications

A Cross-sectional Survey of Public Knowledge of the Monkeypox Disease in Nigeria

A Cross-sectional Survey of Public Knowledge of the Monkeypox Disease in Nigeria

Assessing Healthcare Workers’ Knowledge and Their Confidence in the Diagnosis and Management of Human Monkeypox: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Middle Eastern Country

Unusual global outbreak of monkeypox: what should we do?

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