Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury—Repair and Regeneration

Abstract

We conclude with our perspectives on the future of treatment and research in this rapidly evolving field.

Degeneration of white matter and gray matter revealed by diffusion tensor imaging and pathological mechanism after spinal cord injury in canine

“…The changes of white matter and gray matter in the epicenter were most severe, and the rostral as well as the caudal levels showed corresponding degradation. We further simulated the pathological mechanism of SCI, with retrograde and anterograde degradation rule, based on our findings and related literature reports . An oval injured area was formed at the injury site after contusion, axons were injured and fractured, ruptured blood vessels led to hematoma formation, inflammatory cytokines were released and infiltrated at the site of injury (Figure ).…”

“…Small amounts of axons and myelin sheaths were repaired, but most of the neural circuits could not be recovered. Based on the figures from Ahuja et al and Tyler et al…”

“…Small amounts of axons and myelin sheaths were repaired, but most of the neural circuits could not be recovered. Based on the figures from Ahuja et al 39 and Tyler et al 40 and bleeding in the acute phase after SCI, while the intracellular and extracellular water balance was weakened. This in turn led to cell edema, the ADC value of the lesion was decreased with time, and the parameters began to rise along with damage recovery.…”

Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway on Apoptosis after Spinal Cord Injury

“…Currently, some general domestic and foreign common treatment options include (1) suitable fixation, which prevents secondary injury of the spinal cord from translocation of the injured sites; (2) reduction of spinal cord edema and secondary injury; (3) hyperbaric oxygen therapy; (4) and surgery [3,4]. However, these treatments rarely alleviate and treat SCI.…”

“mTOR Signaling Pathway”: A Potential Target of Curcumin in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

“…Apoptosis occurs in neurons, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes. Oligodendrocytes are easily subjected to apoptotic loss that contributes to postinjury demyelination [2, 11]. …”