Traumatic Optic Neuropathy: A Review

Kumaran, Arjunan; Sundar, Gangadhara; Chye, Lim Thiam

doi:10.1055/s-0034-1393734

Cited by 75 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…Our overview of recent literature revealed no reliable evidence that suggests that TON therapy using corticosteroids, surgical decompression of the optic canal, or both provides any benefit compared to mere observation. Furthermore, these interventions pose an additional risk that may not warrant their routine use (8,9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic optic neuropathy‑a contralateral finding: A case report

Kyncl¹,

Lešták²,

Tintěra³

et al. 2019

Exp Ther Med

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The present study demonstrates alterations of the contralateral side optic tract to an optic nerve traumatic lesion. Visual acuity of the right eye following Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) remained at 0 following the injury. Electrophysiological examination using pattern electroretinogram revealed values reduced by 50% in the right eye compared with the left eye. Pattern visual-evoked potential evaluation indicated a bilateral lesion with a higher decrease following right eye stimulation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed right optic nerve atrophy. Functional magnetic resonance imaging indicated decreased activity of the visual centre during left eye stimulation. The present study revealed contralateral visual tract alterations following unilateral injury, and hypothesize that the ganglion cells of the retina respond initially to glial activation. These changes are, in our view, followed by changes in the visual pathway.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic optic neuropathy‑a contralateral finding: A case report

Kyncl¹,

Lešták²,

Tintěra³

et al. 2019

Exp Ther Med

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“…CT is the first test method for traumatic optic neuropathy because it can evaluate the whole body at the same time and can depict most foreign bodies and bone fragments. MRI can visualise optic nerve damage as a high-intensity signal on T2-weighted images, but only plays a small role in diagnosing traumatic optic neuropathy [41].…”

Section: Traumatic Optic Neuropathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging of intraocular optic nerve disorders: review article

Kanda¹,

Miyazaki²,

Zeng³

et al. 2020

Pol J Radiol

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The optic nerve is morphologically classified as a peripheral nerve, but histologically it shares characteristics with the central nerves. Diseases that affect vision and the optic nerve are many and varied: optic neuritis, demyelination (multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-related disorders), drugs, collagen disease, vasculitis, infection, trauma, vascular abnormalities, tumours, and non-tumoural masses. In this review, we summarise the magnetic resonance imaging findings for various pathological conditions that cause deterioration in visual acuity.

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“…Indirect injuries are more common and occur after blunt trauma to the superior orbital rim and less frequently to the fronto‐temporal region of the cranium. The blow forces are transmitted to the orbital apex and optic foramen, causing vascular compression (ischemia) and/or shearing (axotomy) of the optic nerve (Kumaran et al ., ; Sarkies, ; Warner and Eggenberger, ). The head trauma leading to visual impairment generally causes loss of consciousness but it may not.…”

Section: Optic Nerves Pathologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranial Pair II: The Optic Nerves

Herrera

Agudo‐Barriuso²,

Murcia‐Belmonte

2018

The Anatomical Record

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The optic nerves (ONs), one of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves (Pair II), together with the olfactory and the cochlear nerves, are devoted to transmit sensory inputs. In particular, ONs convey visual information from the retina to the brain. In mammals, the ONs are bilateral structures that extend from the optic disc to the optic chiasm containing glial cells and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) axons. RGCs are the only retinal neurons able to collect visual information and transmit it to the visual centers in the brain for its processing and integration with the rest of sensory inputs. During embryonic development, RGCs born in the retina extend their axons to exit the eye and follow a stereotypic path outlined by the transient expression of a wide set of guidance molecules. As the rest of central nervous system structures, the ONs are covered with myelin produced by oligodendrocytes and wrapped by the meninges. ON injuries or RGCs degenerative conditions may provoke partial or complete blindness because they are incapable of spontaneous regeneration. Here, we first review major advances on the current knowledge about the mechanisms underlying the formation of the ONs in mammals. Then, we discuss some of the human disorders and pathologies affecting the development and function of the ONs and finally we comment on the existing view about ON regeneration possibilities. Anat Rec, 302:428-445, 2019.

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Traumatic Optic Neuropathy: A Review

Cited by 75 publications

References 96 publications

Traumatic optic neuropathy‑a contralateral finding: A case report

Traumatic optic neuropathy‑a contralateral finding: A case report

Magnetic resonance imaging of intraocular optic nerve disorders: review article

Cranial Pair II: The Optic Nerves

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