Traumatic Loss, Complicated Grief, and Terrorism

Pivar, Ilona L.; Prigerson, Holly G.

doi:10.1300/j146v09n01_34

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…(), or Nickerson et al. () studies were not bereaved due to terrorism, which is known to increase the prevalence of posttraumatic outcomes (Pivar & Prigerson, ). In addition, the time since death in the Boelen et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although these studies provide information about how symptoms cluster following trauma-related deaths, their results may be less relevant to surviving 9/11 family members for several reasons. For example, participants in the Boelen et al (2016), Heeke et al (2017), or Nickerson et al (2014) studies were not bereaved due to terrorism, which is known to increase the prevalence of posttraumatic outcomes (Pivar & Prigerson, 2005). In addition, the time since death in the Boelen et al (2006) and Nickerson et al (2014) samples was less than 5 years, a relatively short period in comparison to the time that has passed for 9/11 bereaved (the mean time since loss in the Heeke et al [2017] study was 12.4 years).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Patterns of Comorbidity Among Bereaved Family Members 14 Years after the September 11th, 2001, Terrorist Attacks

Cozza

Fisher

Fetchet³

et al. 2019

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Studies of terrorism‐related deaths are few and mostly focus on short‐term effects. To characterize long‐term bereavement outcomes, including resilience/recovery and patterns of comorbidity, following the September 11, 2001 (9/11), terrorist attacks, we report mental health conditions and grief‐related impairment in 454 9/11 bereaved family members. In addition, the contribution of non‐9/11 lifetime traumas, pre‐9/11 mental health conditions, post‐9/11 interim life events, grief services, income adequacy, and social support were examined. Latent class analyses yielded three groups: healthy, comorbid without PTSD (comorbid/noPTSD), and comorbid with PTSD and impaired (comorbid/PTSD+I). Participants in the healthy group (66.1%) were least likely to meet thresholds for mental conditions, whereas those in the comorbid/noPTSD (21.3%) and comorbid/PTSD+I (12.6%) groups had higher probabilities of meeting depression, grief, and anxiety thresholds. These groups also endorsed more negatively valenced post‐9/11 interim life events than the healthy group: comorbid/noPTSD vs. healthy, odds ratio (OR) = 0.84, 95% CI [0.76, 0.94]; comorbid/PTSD+I vs. healthy, OR = 0.85, 95% CI [0.76, 0.96]. Comorbid/PTSD+I was the only group with elevated probabilities of meeting clinical thresholds for PTSD (.64) and grief‐related impairment (.94). This group was also more likely to include bereaved parents: comorbid/PTSD+I vs. healthy, OR = 12.96, 95% CI [1.97, 85.41]; comorbid/PTSD+I vs. comorbid/noPTSD, OR = 15.55, 95% CI [1.63, 148.41]); and to experience more non‐9/11 lifetime traumas: comorbid/PTSD+I vs. healthy, OR = 4.34, 95% CI [1.28, 14.70]; comorbid/PTSD+I vs. comorbid/noPTSD, OR = 6.54, 95% CI [1.53, 27.95]. Clinical and community programs should target this high‐risk group to identify individuals in need of services.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Comorbidity Among Bereaved Family Members 14 Years after the September 11th, 2001, Terrorist Attacks

Cozza

Fisher

Fetchet³

et al. 2019

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“…Neimeyer (1998) pioneered understanding of the connection between structuring the trauma in a narrative providing meaning and enhancing coping capacity. This structuring is linked to politically shaped cognitive schemes that decide who is entitled to receive collective commemoration, thus affecting recovery (Pivar & Prigerson, 2004). According to Thoits (1990), victims who do not meet the normative social standards granting entrance to the national memory are destined to endure unrecognized grief.…”

Section: The Politics Of Trauma: Screening and Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Second Class Loss”: Political Culture as a Recovery Barrier—The Families of Terrorist Casualties' Struggle for National Honors, Recognition, and Belonging

Lebel

2013

Death Studies

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Israeli families of terrorist victims have undertaken initiatives to include their dearest in the national pantheon. The objections opposed the penetration of "second-class loss" into the symbolic closure of heroic national bereavement. The "hierarchy of bereavement" is examined through the lens of political culture organized around the veneration held for the army fallen and their families, which has symbolic as well as rehabilitative outcomes. Families of civilian terror victims claims for similar status and treatment had to frame their loss as national in the eyes of the social policy. The article claimed linkage between collective memory and rehabilitation.

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“…On the other hand, indirect exposure (e.g., providing physical or emotional aid, witnessing camage and property destruction, and knowing someone directly impacted by the attack) can have a considerable effect on people (e.g., Somer, Ruvio, Soref, & Sever, 2005). Terrorism-related loss of intimates can be especially impactful (e.g., Malkinson, Rubin, & Witztum, 2005;Neria et al, 2007;Pivar & Prigerson, 2004).…”

Section: Abstract Anxiety Terrorism Community Cohesion Israelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Perceived Community Cohesion on Stress Symptoms Following a Terrorist Attack

Somer

Maguen

Moin

et al. 2008

Journal of Psychological Trauma

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Traumatic Loss, Complicated Grief, and Terrorism

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Patterns of Comorbidity Among Bereaved Family Members 14 Years after the September 11th, 2001, Terrorist Attacks

Patterns of Comorbidity Among Bereaved Family Members 14 Years after the September 11th, 2001, Terrorist Attacks

“Second Class Loss”: Political Culture as a Recovery Barrier—The Families of Terrorist Casualties' Struggle for National Honors, Recognition, and Belonging

The Effects of Perceived Community Cohesion on Stress Symptoms Following a Terrorist Attack

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