Traumatic events among undergraduate students: Prevalence and associated symptoms.

Frazier, Patricia A.; Anders, Samantha L.; Perera, Sulani; Tomich, Patricia L.; Tennen, Howard; Park, Crystal L.; Tashiro, Ty

doi:10.1037/a0016412

Cited by 239 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Briere and colleagues investigated the relationship between cumulative traumas of either interpersonal or non-interpersonal type and found that it was the exposure to multiple types of interpersonal trauma that was associated with the greatest risk for PTSD. In general, events where the perpetrator intentionally harms the victim, such as interpersonal violence, sexual abuse, torture, and terrorism, are more strongly related to health problems than non-intentional events such as accidents, natural disaster, and illness (Frazier et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic stress disorder moderates the relationship between trauma exposure and chronic pain

Siqveland

Ruud

Hauff

2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are risk factors for chronic pain. Objective: This study investigated how exposure to intentional and non-intentional traumatic events and PTSD are related to pain severity and outcome of treatment in chronic pain patients. Methods: We assessed exposure to potentially traumatizing events, psychiatric diagnosis with structured clinical interview, and pain severity in 63 patients at a secondary multidisciplinary pain clinic at the beginning of treatment, and assessed level of pain at follow up. Exposure to potentially traumatizing events and PTSD were regressed on pain severity at the initial session and at follow up in a set of multiple regression analysis. Results: The participants reported exposure to an average of four potentially traumatizing events, and 32% had PTSD. Exposure to intentional traumatic events and PTSD were significantly associated with more severe pain, and PTSD significantly moderated the relationship between trauma exposure and pain (all p < .05). The treatment programme reduced pain moderately, an effect that was unrelated to trauma exposure and PTSD. Conclusions: Trauma exposure is related to chronic pain in the same pattern as to mental disorders, with intentional trauma being most strongly related to pain severity. PTSD moderated the relationship between trauma exposure and pain. While pain patients with PTSD initially report more pain, they responded equally to specialist pain treatment as persons without PTSD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic stress disorder moderates the relationship between trauma exposure and chronic pain

Siqveland

Ruud

Hauff

2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…31, nº 3 (octubre) with the findings of Bados et al (2008). Likewise, given the known association between TI and post-traumatic symptoms (Bovin et al, 2008;Humphreys et al, 2010;RochaRego et al, 2009) the importance of this type of event is congruent with the observation of current post-traumatic symptoms being greater when the earlier trauma involved physical violence in the family, sexual violence or childhood sexual abuse (Frazier et al, 2009;Owens & Chard, 2006;Vrana & Lauterbach, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…It is worth noting, however, that in a study which used a measure similar to the TIS-BM, Volchan et al (2011) found an association between retrospective self-reports of TI during a traumatic event and restricted area of body sway when participants listened to a script of their traumatic experience. A third limitation of our study is that the results are based on the worst traumatic event experienced and this may not be representative of other events of the same type; for instance, the worst traffic accident a person experiences might not be representative of other motor vehicle accidents (Breslau et al, 1998;Frazier et al, 2009). Fourth, the fact that our data are correlational means that the predictors of TI we identified cannot be assumed to be its cause; indeed, there may be other variables that explain the relationship between the two, and current emotional distress may also influence the perception of past events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…gender, age when the worst traumatic event was first experienced, age when exposed to the first traumatic event, and subjective perception of how traumatic the worst event was). To date, no study has investigated this issue, despite the fact that several of these variables have been associated with the presence of current post-traumatic symptoms (Amir & Sol, 1999;Bados, Greco, & Toribio, 2013;Bedard-Gilligan & Zoellner, 2008;Bernat, Ronfeldt, Calhoun, & Arias, 1998;Frazier et al, 2009;Green et al, 2000;Irish et al, 2008;Martín & de Paúl, 2004;Owens & Chard, 2006) and that these symptoms are likewise related to a person having previously reacted with TI during a traumatic event (Bovin et al, 2008;Humphreys et al, 2010;RochaRego et al, 2009).…”

Section: *) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictores de la inmovilidad tónica ante eventos traumáticos

2015

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Título: Predictores de la inmovilidad tónica ante eventos traumáticos. Resumen: La inmovilidad tónica (IT) es una posible reacción ante el peligro que es facilitada por el miedo intenso, la restricción física y la incapacidad percibida de escapar. Otras variables que podrían influir, tales como el tipo de eventos traumáticos, características de los mismos y características personales han sido poco o nada estudiadas. El presente estudio evaluó la capacidad de estas variables para predecir la IT en una muestra de 273 universitarios que habían experimentado al menos un suceso traumático. El 7.7% y el 13.2% de participantes reaccionaron con IT según las dos definiciones más estrictas adoptadas. La mayoría de las variables estuvieron significativamente asociadas con la IT en análisis univariantes. Sin embargo, en un análisis de regresión múltiple, sólo ciertas características de los eventos (ocurrencia de maltrato físico/ abuso sexual, número de tipos diferentes de eventos experimentados) y determinadas reacciones ante los mismos (percepción de lo traumáticos que fueron, respuesta de miedo intenso) fueron predictores significativos de la IT. Puesto que estos predictores sólo explicaron el 25% de la varianza, debería investigarse la influencia de otras variables, tales como el neuroticismo, la afectividad negativa y la sensación de falta de control personal o de recursos para afrontar los eventos traumáti-cos. Palabras clave: inmovilidad tónica; eventos traumáticos; trauma; Escala de Inmovilidad Tónica; Cuestionario de Eventos Traumáticos.Abstract: Tonic immobility (TI) is a possible reaction to danger that is facilitated by intense fear, physical restraint and perceived inability to escape. Other variables that could affect TI, such as the type and characteristics of traumatic events and personal characteristics have been little or no studied. The present study evaluated the power of these variables to predict TI in a sample of 273 college students who had experienced at least one traumatic event. Of the sample, 7.7% and 13.2% responded with TI according to the two stricter definitions adopted. Most of the variables were significantly associated with TI in univariate analyses. However, in a multiple regression analysis, only certain features of the events (occurrence of physical/sexual abuse, number of different types of events experienced) and certain reactions to them (perception of how traumatic were the events, severe fear response) were significant predictors of TI. Since these predictors explained only 25% of the variance, the influence of other variables -such as neuroticism, negative affectivity and perceived lack of personal control or resources to cope with traumatic events-should be investigated.

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“…Ως κορυφαία τραυματική εμπειρία κατηγοριοποιήθηκε οτιδήποτε μπορούσε να προσληφθεί ως ευθεία απειλή για τη ζωή του ατόμου. Τέλος, ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον έχει το εύρημα ότι όσο περισσότερες τραυματικές εμπειρίες είχε βιώσει ένα άτομο, τόσο αυξάνονταν οι πιθανότητες να αναφέρει περισσότερα συμπτώματα μετατραυματικής διαταραχής άγχους (Frazier et al, 2009). Στην Ελλάδα το φαινόμενο της παιδικής κακοποίησης είναι επίσης συχνό.…”

Section: το ψυχικό τραύμαunclassified

Παιδικό Τραύμα Και Επιδράσεις Στην Εμφάνιση Άγχους Κατά Την Ενήλικη Ζωή

Αντωνοπούλου¹,

Κοκκώση²,

Συνοδινού³

2016

edusc

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Περίληψη Η παρουσίαση αναφέρεται σε ευρήματα έρευνας που πραγματοποιήθηκε στο πλαίσιο εκπόνησης διδακτορικής διατριβής. Σκοπός της έρευνας ήταν να μελετηθεί η ύπαρξη παιδικού τραύματος και η επίδραση που αυτό έχει στην εμφάνιση άγχους κατά την ενήλικη ζωή. Το δείγμα της έρευνας αποτέλεσαν 600 προπτυχιακοί και μεταπτυχιακοί φοιτητές του Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών και του Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου. Ως τραυματική μπορεί να οριστεί μία εμπειρία που υπερβαίνει τις δυνατότητες του ατόμου να την αντιμετωπίσει, οδηγώντας το έτσι σε αισθήματα μειονεξίας, ανεπάρκειας και απελπισίας. Η τραυματική εμπειρία που λαμβάνει χώρα κατά την παιδική ηλικία είναι ακόμα περισσότερο επιβλαβής, καθώς κατά την παιδική ηλικία, το άτομο δεν έχει ακόμα διαμορφώσει πλήρως τις άμυνές του και αυτό το καθιστά ακόμη πιο ευάλωτο. Το άγχος είναι η κατάσταση που επέρχεται τόσο στο σώμα όσο και στον ψυχισμό του ατόμου όταν αυτό έρχεται σε κατάσταση απειλής ή κινδύνου. Σε ένα ορισμένο βαθμό το άγχος είναι αναγκαίο για την επιβίωση, καθώς κινητοποιεί το ένστικτο της πάλης ή της φυγής ('fight or flight'), μπορεί όμως να οδηγήσει και σε πλήρη αποδιοργάνωση. Έχουν αναφερθεί δύο είδη άγχους, το καταστασιακό ('state') και το δομικό ('trait'), που αναφέρονται στο άγχος ως αποτέλεσμα μίας στρεσογόνου κατάστασης ή ως δομικού στοιχείου του χαρακτήρα αντίστοιχα. Τα ευρήματα της έρευνας δείχνουν αξιοσημείωτη σχέση μεταξύ πρώιμου τραύματος και της ύπαρξης άγχους και των δύο τύπων, ειδικότερα μάλιστα του δομικού. Λέξεις -κλειδιά: τραύμα, άγχος, έρευνα, φοιτητές AbstractThe presentation refers to research findings conducted within the scope of a Phd. The aim of the research was to study the incidence of childhood trauma and the impact it has on anxiety in adulthood. The sample consisted of 600 undergraduate and postgraduate students of the University of Athens and Panteion University. A traumatic experience surpasses the capacity of the individual to deal with it, leading to feelings of inferiority, failure and despair. Childhood trauma is even more harmful, since during childhood the individual has not a fully formed defense mechanism and is therefore more vulnerable. Anxiety is a state that affects both the body and the mental state of the individual as a response to a threat or a situation involving risk. A certain degree of stress is necessary for survival as it triggers the 'fight or flight' reaction, but in extreme degrees it can lead to complete disorganization. The research examined two kinds of anxiety, the anxiety caused as a result of a stressful situation ('state anxiety') or the anxiety as a character trait ('trait anxiety'). The findings show that early trauma is associated with both types of anxiety, particularly state anxiety.

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Traumatic events among undergraduate students: Prevalence and associated symptoms.

Cited by 239 publications

References 36 publications

Post-traumatic stress disorder moderates the relationship between trauma exposure and chronic pain

Post-traumatic stress disorder moderates the relationship between trauma exposure and chronic pain

Predictores de la inmovilidad tónica ante eventos traumáticos

Παιδικό Τραύμα Και Επιδράσεις Στην Εμφάνιση Άγχους Κατά Την Ενήλικη Ζωή

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