Traumagenics: At the intersect of childhood trauma, immunity and psychosis

Chase, Kayla A.; Melbourne, Jennifer K.; Rosen, Cherise; McCarthy-Jones, Simon; Jones, Nev; Feiner, Benjamin; Sharma, Rajiv P.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.097

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Another study by Di Nicola et al showed that although all FEP patients had elevated cytokine levels relative to the control group, those who experienced childhood trauma had higher serum TNF-α levels than those who did not [81]. The effect of childhood trauma on the elevated expression of IL-6 seems to be greater in schizophrenic patients than in the healthy controls, although such observations were based on small control and research groups [82]. A recent study by Corsi-Zuealli et al conducted on a much larger sample of FEAN patients and HC, including healthy siblings of patients, showed that the peripheral levels of TGF-β in participants who had experienced physical abuse in childhood were significantly elevated in patients and their siblings compared to the controls.…”

Section: The Role Of Early Childhood Traumamentioning

confidence: 97%

The Role of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia

Dawidowski

Górniak

Podwalski

et al. 2021

JCM

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Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness of unknown etiology. A growing and compelling body of evidence implicates immunologic dysfunction as the key element in its pathomechanism. Cytokines, whose altered levels have been increasingly reported in various patient populations, are the major mediators involved in the coordination of the immune system. The available literature reports both elevated levels of proinflammatory as well as reduced levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and their effects on clinical status and neuroimaging changes. There is evidence of at least a partial genetic basis for the association between cytokine alterations and schizophrenia. Two other factors implicated in its development include early childhood trauma and disturbances in the gut microbiome. Moreover, its various subtypes, characterized by individual symptom severity and course, such as deficit schizophrenia, seem to differ in terms of changes in peripheral cytokine levels. While the use of a systematic review methodology could be difficult due to the breadth and diversity of the issues covered in this review, the applied narrative approach allows for a more holistic presentation. The aim of this narrative review was to present up-to-date evidence on cytokine dysregulation in schizophrenia, its effect on the psychopathological presentation, and links with antipsychotic medication. We also attempted to summarize its postulated underpinnings, including early childhood trauma and gut microbiome disturbances, and propose trait and state markers of schizophrenia.

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Section: The Role Of Early Childhood Traumamentioning

confidence: 97%

The Role of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia

Dawidowski

Górniak

Podwalski

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…In a meta‐analysis of inflammatory markers in children and adolescents, the association between early adversity and CRP and IL‐6 levels was small (Kuhlman et al, 2019). However, there is burgeoning evidence of an association between neglect in particular and elevated IL‐6 levels (Chase et al, 2019; Nikulina and Widom, 2014). Evidence for elevated CRP is mixed, with some studies reporting an association between neglect and greater CRP levels (Pinto Pereira et al, 2019), an association limited to certain racial groups (Nikulina and Widom, 2014), or no association (see Ports et al, 2019 for a review).…”

Section: Models Of Neglectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neglect, HPA axis reactivity, and development

Reilly

Gunnar

2019

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Neglect is a common and frequently chronic form of child maltreatment that can compromise child development and increase the risk of physical and psychological problems. In this review, we discuss one of the potential ways neglect becomes biologically embedded by shaping the development of a key stress responsive system: namely, the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis. Several potential mediators and moderators of this process are examined, including inflammation, attachment and social buffering, self‐regulation, child sex and age, and genetics.

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“…One of the main findings was that patients with PSY experienced significantly higher occurrences of ELS than HC, which is consistent with previous research (Bailey et al, 2018; Varese et al, 2012). This finding of greater prevalence of occurrences of ELS in PSY compared to the general population is at the basis of gaining a better understanding of the etiology of psychotic symptoms following the experience of ELS (Barker, Gumley, Schwannauer, & Lawrie, 2015; Chase et al, 2019; Read, Fosse, Moskowitz, & Perry, 2014). The elucidation of this potential relationship has significant clinical and research implications for improving treatment avenues, such as pharmacological treatment (based on altered glutamate concentrations) or cognitive remediation trainings (based on altered working memory function).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%