Trauma und Psyche in der deutschen Psychiatrie seit 1889

Priebe, Stefan; Nowak, Marion; Schmiedebach, Heinz-Peter

doi:10.1055/s-2002-19673

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Under the pressure of political, military and conceptual circumstances, the physicians bent medical ethics and departed from their traditional individual focus in favour of new social ethics and political commitments. As pointed out by Schmiedebach (1999; see also Priebe, Nowak and Schmiedebach, 2002), medical discourse was dominated by political-moral dimensions. For Paul Lerner (2003), German neuropsychiatrists during WWI felt a collective fear that conscientious objectors and pension neurotics would cause a national collapse, and they became united in their national opposition to a liberal, individualistic assessment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fight for ‘traumatic neurosis’, 1889–1916: Hermann Oppenheim and his opponents in Berlin

Holdorff¹

2011

Hist Psychiatry

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The concept of traumatic neurosis conceived by Hermann Oppenheim (1858-1919) located post-traumatic nervous symptoms between hysteria and neurasthenia, considering them a consequence of physical reactions to fright and a cause of molecular tissue changes. As early as 1890, his concept was criticized at an international congress in Berlin. In February 1916, there was a significant debate of the issue in Berlin, and eventually Oppenheim's concept was completely defeated at the war meeting of German neuropsychiatrists in September 1916 in Munich. In the Berlin debate, a range of views on war neurosis was presented. Partly as a result of this, but also due to the powerful position of Oppenheim himself, it was not until after the end of WWI that traumatic neurosis was excluded from medico-legal assessments. The differing views of physiological brain-mind relations from that time do not differ greatly from present concepts. However, Oppenheim's traumatic neurosis with its more quasi-neurological picture should not be equated with PTSD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fight for ‘traumatic neurosis’, 1889–1916: Hermann Oppenheim and his opponents in Berlin

Holdorff¹

2011

Hist Psychiatry

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“…Für den Menschen ist dieser Zusammenhang wesentlich komplexer. Die Definition von dem, was als ein ¹traumatisierendes Ereignis" gelten kann (kritisch siehe auch: [79]), hat seit seiner Einführung damals in das DSM III eine Ausweitung erfahren: Das Kriterium A1 bein− haltet heute im DSM−IV ein ¹Ereignis, das mit plötzlichem, uner− warteten oder gewaltsamen Tod Nahestehender verbunden oder für den Patienten selbst lebensbedrohlich war, eine schwere Ver− letzung oder andere Bedrohung der körperlichen Integrität dar− stellte" [80]. Die Sorge vor einer ¹weiteren Verwässerung" wird zudem überlagert von der Sorge der Kostenträger vor einer Aus− weitung versicherungsrechtlich begründbarer Ansprüche und moralischem Werturteil [78]: So ¹Verwerfliches" wie sexueller Missbrauch in der Kindheit oder psychiatrische Zwangsmaß− nahmen müsse doch zwingend zu einer PTBS führen.…”

Section: Ptbs Als Folge Von Psychotischer Symptomatik Und Ungünstigerunclassified

Unbehandelte Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen bei schizophrenen Störungen: eine Hypothek auf die Zukunft?

Vauth

Nyberg²

2007

Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr

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More recently research has focused on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as comorbide condition of schizophrenia. Current literature focussing the relationship between PTSD and schizophrenia is reviewed. Evidence is found in support of psychosis as a precondition for development of PTSD, PTSD as vulnerability factor for psychosis as well as psychosis and PTSD both as part of a spectrum of responses to a traumatic event. PTSD may be regarded as risk factor for worse outcome in schizophrenia: Internal stress of reexperiencing the trauma may enhance vulnerability to relapse of illness and proneness to anxiety avoiding coping style with psychosis by adoption of a "sealing over" style, lowering service utilization and compliance. Risk for development of alcohol misuse, cannabis misuse or benzodiazepine misuse and depression may be higher, also worsening the course of schizophrenia. Methodological shortcomings of current studies, ongoing debates on extending DSM-IV criterion A1 definition to psychotic or treatment experiences and implications for clinical assessment and cognitive-behavioural treatment of PTSD in schizophrenia are discussed.

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“…war, während die Existenz einer entsprechenden Störung in deutschsprachigen Ländern über Jahrzehnte weitgehend igno− riert wurde. Das Konzept der ¹traumatischen Neurose", ursprünglich 1889 von dem Berliner Neurologen Hermann Oppenheim geprägt, war von Anfang an umstritten [1,2]. Unter dem Eindruck des ers− ten Weltkrieges lehnten führende deutsche Psychiater Oppen− heims Krankheitskonzept 1916 nicht zuletzt mit Verweis auf die volkswirtschaftlichen Kosten der so genannten ¹Rentenneuro− sen" einhellig ab [3].…”

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Psychisches Trauma in deutschsprachigen Lehrbüchern der Nachkriegszeit - die psychiatrische „Lehrmeinung” zwischen 1945 und 2002

Kloocke¹,

Schmiedebach²,

Priebe³

2005

Psychiatr Prax

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Changes of dominating views on this issue in textbooks appear to have been extremely slow and occurred with significant delays in the past. The change of the dominating view in the 1970s was linked to the establishment of a new generation of leading psychiatrists. Since the introduction of PTSD, psychiatric textbooks have given up a previously negative attitude towards patients suffering from psychological trauma.

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Trauma und Psyche in der deutschen Psychiatrie seit 1889

Abstract: Psychiatry in Germany has a long and inconsistent tradition of theories and concepts on trauma. The historical view may enrich the current debate in which the concept of posttraumatic stress disorder has been increasingly criticized.

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

The fight for ‘traumatic neurosis’, 1889–1916: Hermann Oppenheim and his opponents in Berlin

The fight for ‘traumatic neurosis’, 1889–1916: Hermann Oppenheim and his opponents in Berlin

Unbehandelte Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen bei schizophrenen Störungen: eine Hypothek auf die Zukunft?

Psychisches Trauma in deutschsprachigen Lehrbüchern der Nachkriegszeit - die psychiatrische „Lehrmeinung” zwischen 1945 und 2002

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