Trapping for Sirex Woodwasp in Brazilian Pine Plantations: Lure, Trap Type and Height of Deployment

Abstract

The Sirex woodwasp, Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) is considered a secondary pest of pine in its native range but has caused considerable economic losses in pine plantation forests in the southern hemisphere. In Brazil, trap trees are the primary tool used for early detection purposes but these are costly, labor-intensive to install and require stressing trees by herbicide application. Flight intercept traps baited with synthetic blends of host volatiles are an attractive alternative but have performed poorly in some settings. This study was carried out to look for alternatives to trap trees for use in Brazilian pine plantations for early detection of S. noctilio. Four field experiments were conducted in two consecutive flight seasons (2015-16 and 2016-17), in planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands, to compare captures among flight intercept traps baited with different lures, deployed at different heights and among different intercept trap designs. Two experiments compared different host volatile lures and a significant treatment effect was observed in one. No effect of trap design or height was observed.

Effects of endophytic fungi diversity in different coniferous species on the colonization of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)

“…Concerning the distribution of S. noctilio in China, Carnegie 46 and Ireland 18 predicted that the regions from the northeast of Heilongjiang Province to the southwestern Yunnan Province (including the four areas evaluated in the current study) are climatically favorable for the establishment and persistence of S. noctilio , with all distribution records pointing to areas projected to be of moderate and high climatic suitability. Comparing the physical and chemical properties of host tree species in different areas invaded by S. noctilio , there is no obvious common characteristic 47 , 48 . P. taeda and P. elliottii are the host species of wasps in Canada and Brazil, and they are also distributed in the southern China.…”

“…mongolica , with gradual spreading to middle and southern China. The suitable hosts may encourage the spread of S. noctilio throughout China 46 , 48 . Pinus tabulaeformis is mainly distributed in the central regions and of China and, hence, it may be at a high risk of being attacked by S. noctilio .…”

Oviposition substrate location by the invasive woodwasp Sirex noctilio: the combined effect of chemical cues emitted by its obligate symbiont Amylostereum areolatum and different host‐tree species

“…[34][35][36] Some of these rather ubiquitous compounds (e.g., ⊍ pinene and ⊎ pinene) are used to monitor and control female wasp populations in affected areas. [37][38][39][40][41] Recently, female responses towards other sources have been investigated. For instance, Cooperband et al 42 identified a close-range pheromone produced by males that is behaviourally-active in both females and males in laboratory trials, but not in the field.…”

Key Residues Affecting Binding Affinity of Sirex noctilio Fabricius Odorant-Binding Protein (SnocOBP9) to Aggregation Pheromone

“…At present, plant volatile compounds baited with black panel or multiple-funnel traps are the dominant traps used for detecting and monitoring S. noctilio . However, these traps have relatively good effects with moderate to large populations, but are ineffective with small populations, especially in environments with competitive volatiles produced by the host [ 53 ]. Finally, females carry arthrospores of a specific fungus, Amylostereum areolatum , in specialized internal organs called mycangia.…”