Trapped in Statelessness: Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh

Milton, Abul Hasnat; Rahman, Mijanur; Hussain, Sumaira; Jindal, Charulata; Choudhury, Sushmita; Akter, Shahnaz; Ferdousi, Shahana; Mouly, Tafzila A.; Hall, John; Efird, Jimmy T.

doi:10.3390/ijerph14080942

Cited by 122 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…59 Prior to the current crisis, a checkpoint was responsible for at least one neonatal death. 60 It is unclear how checkpoints, still in effect, delay transport to facilities outside the camps.…”

Section: The Second Delaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality in Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh: historical, social, and political context

Parmar

Jin

Walsh³

et al. 2019

Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters

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Fifty-two maternal deaths occurred between September 2017 and August 2018 in the Rohingya refugee camps in Ukhia and Teknaf Upazilas, Cox's Bazar District, Bangladesh. Behind every one of these lives lost is a complex narrative of historical, social, and political forces, which provide an important context for reproductive health programming in Rohingya camps. Rohingya women and girls have experienced human rights violations in Myanmar for decades, including government-sponsored sexual violence and population control efforts. An extension of nationalist, anti-Rohingya policies, the attacks of 2017 resulted in the rape and murder of an unknown number of women. The socio-cultural context among Rohingya and Bangladeshi host communities limits provision of reproductive health services in the refugee camps, as does a lack of legal status and continued restrictions on movement. In this review, the historical, political, and social contexts have been overlaid below on the Three Delays Model, a conceptual framework used to understand the determinants of maternal mortality. Attempts to improve maternal mortality among Rohingya women and girls in the refugee camps in Bangladesh should take into account these complex historical, social and political factors in order to reduce maternal mortality.

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Section: The Second Delaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality in Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh: historical, social, and political context

Parmar

Jin

Walsh³

et al. 2019

Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The consideration of a wide range of topics is needed to better inform decision makers and the medical community [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. This includes, but is not limited to: Health screening examinations; community-based/multi-lingual health education and resources for refugees; improved awareness of refugee health disparities; disease tracking and reporting systems; multidisciplinary response to disease outbreaks; refugee utilization or lack thereof of healthcare resources/insurance; barriers to healthcare; health selection/trajectory of refugees; hematologic genetic disorders; chronic and mental health issues; abuse; discrimination; exploitation; infectious diseases; immunization strategies; environmental exposures related to disease; hygiene and sanitation; healthy lifestyle choices; illegal activities/injuries (assault, rape, battery); and assimilation analysis.…”

Section: Moving Toward a Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refugee Health: An Ongoing Commitment and Challenge

Efird

Bith-Melander²

2018

IJERPH

Self Cite

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Refugees represent a diverse group of displaced individuals with unique health issues and disease risks. The obstacles facing this population have their origins in war, violence, oppression, exploitation, and fear of persecution. Regardless of country of origin, a common bond exists, with refugees often confronting inadequate healthcare resources, xenophobia, discrimination, and a complex web of legal barriers in their new homelands. In many cases, the plight of refugees is multigenerational, manifesting as mental health issues, abuse, poverty, and family disruption. The health trajectory of refugees remains an ongoing commitment and challenge.

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“…As previous studies have documented, refugees and displaced persons have a unique risk for nutrient deficiencies; overcrowded living spaces, inconsistent access to clean water, safe sanitation, and adequate hygiene, and heightened exposure to infectious diseases all exacerbate risk 20–22. Importantly, diet patterns among the displaced play an important role in propagating malnutrition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The burden of anaemia among displaced women and children in refugee settings worldwide, 2013–2016

et al. 2019

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IntroductionDisplaced persons have a unique risk for developing anaemia due to often limited diets, overcrowding, new infections and inadequate sanitation and hygiene. The lack of anaemia prevalence estimates among the displaced inhibit global planning for anaemia reduction.MethodsWe analysed population representative, cross-sectional nutrition surveys from 2013 to 2016 conducted by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and partner agencies. Included surveys measured haemoglobin concentration among children 6–59 months, non-pregnant women 15–49 years, or both groups. For each survey, we calculated mean haemoglobin and prevalence of total anaemia (<110 g/L in children, <120 g/L in women), and classified public health severity following WHO guidelines. Pearson correlations between indicators from women and children surveys were calculated where both subpopulations were measured.ResultsAnalysis included 196 surveys among children and 184 surveys among women from 121 unique refugee settings in 24 countries. The median prevalence of total anaemia in children and women was 44% and 28%, respectively. Sixty-one per cent of child surveys indicated a problem of severe public health importance compared with 25% of surveys in women. The prevalence of total anaemia in children and women was strongly correlated (ρ=0.80). Median prevalence of total anaemia was approximately 55% greater and mean haemoglobin was 6 g/L lower among children age 6–23 months compared with children 24–59 months. West and Central Africa region had the highest median prevalence of anaemia both in women and children.ConclusionWhile the burden of anaemia is high among the displaced, it mirrors that of the general population. Haemoglobin should continue to be measured in nutrition surveys in refugee settings. Sustained, multisectoral efforts to reduce anaemia are needed, with specific focus on children under 2 years of age and refugee settings in the West and Central Africa region.

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Trapped in Statelessness: Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh

Cited by 122 publications

References 1 publication

Mortality in Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh: historical, social, and political context

Mortality in Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh: historical, social, and political context

Refugee Health: An Ongoing Commitment and Challenge

The burden of anaemia among displaced women and children in refugee settings worldwide, 2013–2016

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