Transverse Alpine Speciation Driven by Glaciation

Wallis, Graham P.; Waters, Jonathan M.; Upton, Phædra; Craw, D.

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2016.08.009

Cited by 123 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…This east–west split might be well explained by detailed geological reconstructions documenting heavily glaciated areas in the central part of the range and the likely presence of ice‐free refugia at its longitudinal extremes (Ehlers, Gibbard, & Hugues, ) that might have allowed montane/alpine species to survive glaciations and recolonize high elevations during interglacial periods (Charrier et al, ; Valbuena‐Ureña et al, ). Overall, these results are consistent with the transverse breaks proposed by Wallis et al () for numerous alpine taxa and support the idea that the fragmentation of ancestral distributions during glacial periods and the presence of Pleistocene refugia along mountain ranges has played a key role on the diversification not only of lowland species but also of montane and alpine organisms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Collectively, our analyses rejected the current hypothesis of two species and indicated that populations assigned to O. antigai and O. navasi show a distribution of genetic variation that (a) does not match with their respective taxonomic designation and (b) is incompatible with ecological/environmental speciation. Our results show the presence of two main genetic groups corresponding to an east–west split analogous to that found in many other Pyrenean taxa (Wallis, Waters, Upton, & Craw, ) and a marked genetic differentiation at local spatial scales reflecting limited population connectivity across the abrupt landscapes characterizing the study region (e.g., Noguerales, Cordero, & Ortego, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Genomic data reveal deep genetic structure but no support for current taxonomic designation in a grasshopper species complex

2019

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Taxonomy has traditionally relied on morphological and ecological traits to interpret and classify biological diversity. Over the last decade, technological advances and conceptual developments in the field of molecular ecology and systematics have eased the generation of genomic data and changed the paradigm of biodiversity analysis. Here we illustrate how traditional taxonomy has led to species designations that are supported neither by high throughput sequencing data nor by the quantitative integration of genomic information with other sources of evidence. Specifically, we focus on Omocestus antigai and Omocestus navasi, two montane grasshoppers from the Pyrenean region that were originally described based on quantitative phenotypic differences and distinct habitat associations (alpine vs. Mediterranean‐montane habitats). To validate current taxonomic designations, test species boundaries, and understand the factors that have contributed to genetic divergence, we obtained phenotypic (geometric morphometrics) and genome‐wide SNP data (ddRADSeq) from populations covering the entire known distribution of the two taxa. Coalescent‐based phylogenetic reconstructions, integrative Bayesian model‐based species delimitation, and landscape genetic analyses revealed that populations assigned to the two taxa show a spatial distribution of genetic variation that do not match with current taxonomic designations and is incompatible with ecological/environmental speciation. Our results support little phenotypic variation among populations and a marked genetic structure that is mostly explained by geographic distances and limited population connectivity across the abrupt landscapes characterizing the study region. Overall, this study highlights the importance of integrative approaches to identify taxonomic units and elucidate the evolutionary history of species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Genomic data reveal deep genetic structure but no support for current taxonomic designation in a grasshopper species complex

2019

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“…; Wallis et al. ). Cold‐adapted lineages may have moved to lower altitudes during glacial periods, and retreated to mountain tops in warmer periods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Models of diversification incorporating the effect of Pleistocenic glaciation cycles (Wallis et al. ), which have also been proposed as speciation drivers for liolaemids (Fuentes and Jaksic ), should be explored in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How mountains shape biodiversity: The role of the Andes in biogeography, diversification, and reproductive biology in South America's most species‐rich lizard radiation (Squamata: Liolaemidae)

et al. 2018

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Testing hypotheses on drivers of clade evolution and trait diversification provides insight into many aspects of evolutionary biology. Often, studies investigate only intrinsic biological properties of organisms as the causes of diversity, however, extrinsic properties of a clade's environment, particularly geological history, may also offer compelling explanations. The Andes are a young mountain chain known to have shaped many aspects of climate and diversity of South America. The Liolaemidae are a radiation of South American reptiles with over 300 species found across most biomes and with similar numbers of egg‐laying and live‐bearing species. Using the most complete dated phylogeny of the family, we tested the role of Andean uplift in biogeography, diversification patterns, and parity mode of the Liolaemidae. We find that the Andes promoted lineage diversification and acted as a species pump into surrounding biomes. We also find strong support for the role of Andean uplift in boosting the species diversity of these lizards via allopatric fragmentation. Finally, we find repeated shifts in parity mode associated with changing thermal niches, with live‐bearing favored in cold climates and egg‐laying favored in warm climates. Importantly, we find evidence for possible reversals to oviparity, an evolutionary transition believed to be extremely rare.

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“…; Wallis et al. ). For example, endemic alpine species of butterfly (Schoville and Roderick ), chipmunk (Rubidge et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Pleistocene glacial cycles drove lineage diversification and fusion in the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus)

et al. 2019

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Species endemic to alpine environments can evolve via steep ecological selection gradients between lowland and upland environments. Additionally, many alpine environments have faced repeated glacial episodes over the past two million years, fracturing these endemics into isolated populations. In this “glacial pulse” model of alpine diversification, cycles of allopatry and ecologically divergent glacial refugia play a role in generating biodiversity, including novel admixed (“fused”) lineages. We tested for patterns of glacial pulse lineage diversification in the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus [Bufo] canorus), an alpine endemic tied to glacially influenced meadow environments. Using double‐digest RADseq on populations densely sampled from a portion of the species range, we identified nine distinct lineages with divergence times ranging from 18 to 724 thousand years ago (ka), coinciding with multiple Sierra Nevada glacial events. Three lineages have admixed origins, and demographic models suggest these fused lineages have persisted throughout past glacial cycles. Directionality indices supported the hypothesis that some lineages recolonized Yosemite from east of the ice sheet, whereas other lineages remained in western refugia. Finally, refugial niche reconstructions suggest that low‐ and high‐elevation lineages have convergently adapted to similar climatic niches. Our results suggest glacial cycles and refugia may be important crucibles of adaptive diversity across deep evolutionary time.

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Transverse Alpine Speciation Driven by Glaciation

Cited by 123 publications

References 89 publications

Genomic data reveal deep genetic structure but no support for current taxonomic designation in a grasshopper species complex

Genomic data reveal deep genetic structure but no support for current taxonomic designation in a grasshopper species complex

How mountains shape biodiversity: The role of the Andes in biogeography, diversification, and reproductive biology in South America's most species‐rich lizard radiation (Squamata: Liolaemidae)

Pleistocene glacial cycles drove lineage diversification and fusion in the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus)

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