“…TUGA has been extensively tested in cattle; cycling cows beef [13,16,18] dairy [4,6,33], pregnant cows [23], post-partum cows [27,28], pre-pubertal calves [7,9,30] and cows with reproductive problems [15,20]. The procedure has also been used in oocyte production in the cyclic mare [10,11,14] and pregnant mares [22], the goat [17], zebra [24], swamp buffalo [26], llama [8] and hoof-stock [21]. Historically, manual rectal palpation in the sow had met with limited application as compared with that in the cow and mare.…”