Transpupillary laser phototherapy of tumors and vascular anomalies of retina and choroid: theoretical approach and clinical implications

Fankhauser, Franz; Giger, Hans; Niederer, Peter F.; Seiler, T.

doi:10.3233/thc-2000-8202

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Diode infrared lasers offered several advantages compared with gas-based lasers, such as reduced scatter (allowing better penetration through occluded media, such as cataracts and vitreous haemorrhage) and deeper choroidal penetration for targeting retinal and choroidal tumours. 22 However, similar to ruby lasers, absorption in the target tissue was sub-optimal (estimated at 20 %) compared with more than 90 % in argon green lasers, 23 and treatments also resulted in significant patient discomfort due to the longer exposure time and higher energy required to achieve clinical endpoints.…”

Section: The Semiconductor Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Retinal Laser Technology and Retinal Photocoagulation as Therapeutic Modality

Azoulay¹,

Pianka²,

Loewenstein³

2012

European Ophthalmic Review

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The effect of thermal insult to ocular tissue was first recorded in Western literature over two millennia ago. During the early scientific period and the ensuing eras, our understanding of this phenomenon, as well as our ability to accurately deliver dose-controlled therapeutic thermal energy to retinal tissue, have improved greatly. Since their commercial introduction in 1970, ophthalmic photocoagulation laser systems have been playing a cardinal role in the treatment and/or management of various ocular pathologies, predominantly though not limited to, retinal pathologies. Seminal studies, such as the Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS), have solidified the role of such tools in the ophthalmologist’s therapeutic armamentarium; and to this day, as either stand-alone treatment or in combination with pharmacological agents, retinal laser therapy is recognised as the ‘gold standard’ for treating diabetic macular oedema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The continuous elucidation of the role that the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) plays in the emergence of retinal pathologies has prompted researchers and clinicians to further investigate selective RPE treatments – featuring significantly reduced or altogether devoid of collateral thermal damage to inner neural retinal structures with limited regenerative capacity. The convergence of electronic dosimetry, diagnostics imaging and new therapeutic laser modalities into a singular entity may serve as the technological platform for successfully employing such therapies in the near future.

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Section: The Semiconductor Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Retinal Laser Technology and Retinal Photocoagulation as Therapeutic Modality

Azoulay¹,

Pianka²,

Loewenstein³

2012

European Ophthalmic Review

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“…Compared with visible wavelengths, infrared light scatters less and therefore, is particularly useful for treating patients with dense ocular media, such as cataract and vitreous haemorrhage. Good penetration also makes infrared light ideal for treatment of retinal and choroidal tumours, 25,26 however, its poorer absorption by the RPE and choroid means that higher energy and exposure time are required to achieve similar photocoagulation effects 4,21 and greater patient discomfort may be a consequence. 19 For many years, diode lasers were limited to the infrared spectrum.…”

Section: Retinal Laser Therapy Lock and Fongmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on retinal laser therapy

Lock

Fong

2011

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Since its discovery in the 1940s, retinal photocoagulation has evolved immensely. Although the first photocoagulators used incandescent light, it was the invention of the laser that instigated the widespread use of photocoagulation for treatment of retinal diseases. Laser permits selection of electromagnetic wavelength, energy levels, spot size and pulse duration. These variables are crucial for accurate targeting of retinal tissue and prevention of detrimental side-effects such as central blind spots. There is ongoing clinical research dedicated to optimising such parameters and many innovative modes of laser delivery are now being offered. Laser photocoagulation is the mainstay of treatment for various retinal and macular diseases. Considering the escalating prevalence of such conditions and widespread use of photocoagulation, it is important for optometrists to grasp the basic principles and be aware of new developments in retinal laser therapy.

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“…It has been applied to the clinical treatment of various malignant tumors. [9][10][11][12][13] Osteosarcoma tumors with few tissue vessels result in aggravated hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment. [14][15][16] Organic semiconducting materials (OSMs) composed of p-conjugated building blocks as the optically active components have recently emerged as a promising category of biophotonic agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-microenvironment-responsive poly-prodrug encapsulated semiconducting polymer nanosystem for phototherapy-boosted chemotherapy

Jun

Zhang

et al. 2023

Mater. Horiz.

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Transpupillary laser phototherapy of tumors and vascular anomalies of retina and choroid: theoretical approach and clinical implications

Cited by 6 publications

References 64 publications

The Evolution of Retinal Laser Technology and Retinal Photocoagulation as Therapeutic Modality

The Evolution of Retinal Laser Technology and Retinal Photocoagulation as Therapeutic Modality

An update on retinal laser therapy

Tumor-microenvironment-responsive poly-prodrug encapsulated semiconducting polymer nanosystem for phototherapy-boosted chemotherapy

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