Transportation costs, accessibility, and agglomeration economies

Böventer, Edwin von

doi:10.1007/bf01941428

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…As a result, structural changes in economic relations requiring new theoretical developments beyond the traditional monocentric model have emerged. In order to adapt such a model to these realities, the theoretical literature (Hartwick and Hartwick, 1974;White, 1976;Odland, 1978;von Boventer, 1976;Ogawa and Fujita, 1980;Fujita and Ogawa, 1982;Fujita, 1988;Henderson and Mitra, 1996;Anas and Kim, 1996;Krugman, 1996;Fujita and Mori, 1997) has focused upon the congestion of central places as the principal factor for explaining the relative decline of CBDs. In this way, contemporary urban structures would be the unstable result of a set of centripetal and centrifugal forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Structure and Polycentrism: Towards a Redefinition of the Sub-centre Concept

2009

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This paper seeks to extend the definition of a sub-centre beyond the usual definition as a place with significantly larger employment density that has an effect on the overall employment density of the nearby locations. Together with the previous conditions, it is suggested that it is necessary to include another which represents a structural element of an urban sub-system within the metropolitan configuration—that is, a place with intense spatial interaction with its hinterland. Therefore, a metropolitan area can be seen as one comprising urban sub-systems characterised by greater or lesser polycentrism. In this paper, a ‘bottom—up’ methodology based on commuter flows is proposed in order to detect metropolitan sub-centres. Using empirical data from the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona, the proposed methodology is tested, comparing its results with those of other commonly used methodologies (cut-offs, parametric and non-parametric models). The results suggest that the proposed methodology permits optimising the sub-centre delimitation process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Structure and Polycentrism: Towards a Redefinition of the Sub-centre Concept

2009

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“…Unfortunately, there has been a paucity of research concerning the number and geographic patterning of suburban nucleations of economic activity. One of the few theoretical statements of subcenters and metropolitan structure is that of Von Boventer (1976). His research is particularly applicable to those subcenter nucleations with a substantial commercial base.…”

Section: The Number and Geographic Pattern Of Nucleationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Von Boventer's (1976) conceptual framework and the factors noted above suggest a model of the number of suburban nucleations ( N J in a metropolitan place as follows: JtMPY;, RCC,, SED,, TLS,)…”

Section: Models and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The geographic patterning of suburban nucleations is also a complex theoretical and empirical problem. Von Boventer (1976) postulated a ring of suburban nucleations equidistant from the core at a point where the suburban population density function is at its peak. The number of centers would dictate the shape of market areas in a regular patterning.…”

Section: Models and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multinucleation in Metropolitan Economies

Erickson

1986

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

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Metropolitan form has changed significantly over the past few decades; economic activities are increasingly concentrated in suburban nucleations. In this paper I specify models of the multinucleation process on the basis of the investment decisions of business firms in different economic sectors. Regression analysis is used to explain the changing density of business establishments with data for suburban municipalities in the Boston, Milwaukee, and Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA's. Variables reflecting land costs, freeway access, market growth, and the effects of agglomeration and competition are important explanatory factors in many cases. I also specify a model of the number of suburban employment nucleations and test it using cross-sectional data for 3 1 metropolitan places. The metropolitan income base, suburban employment density, suburban share of MSA land area, and velocity of movement are important explanatory variables. The geographic spacing of nucleations is also explored; the results of time-series analysis indicate that pattern regularity in the late 1940s has increasingly given way to a more random spatial distribution of nucleations in the large, multicentered metropolis of today.

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“…Particularmente el policentrismo creciente de las mismas, concentrando el empleo en diversos subcentros, además del CBD, así como la creciente dispersión de la actividad económica en la práctica totalidad del tejido urbano han planteado cambios estructurales en las relaciones económicas que requieren de nuevos desarrollos teóricos, más allá del modelo monocéntrico tradicional. A fin de adaptar dicho modelo a la realidad de los hechos, la literatura teórica (entre otros, Hartwick and Hartwick, 1974;White, 1976;Odland, 1978;von Boventer, 1976;Ogawa & Fujita, 1980;Fujita & Ogawa, 1982;Fujita, 1988;Henderson & Mitra 1996;Anas & Kim, 1996;Krugman 1996;Fujita & Mori, 1997) ha situado en la congestión de los lugares centrales el principal elemento explicativo de la caída relativa de los CBDs, de forma tal que las estructuras urbanas contemporáneas serían el resultado inestable de un conjunto de fuerzas centrípetas y centrífugas, en las que el efecto descentralizador provocado por la congestión (y el recurso estructuralmente escaso que es el suelo) sería sólo parcialmente compensado por las economías de aglomeración. En este contexto dialéctico el predominio de las estas últimas conduciría a la concentración descentralizada del empleo en uno a varios subcentros además del CBD, así como, en el caso de dominio de las economías de desaglomeración, a la dispersión del empleo en el conjunto de la región, dando paso, de esta manera a sistemas metropolitanos policéntricos.…”

Section: Introducción: Sobre La Emergencia De Los Sistemas Urbanos Po...unclassified

¿Hacia un sistema de metrópolis españolas policéntricas?: caracterización de su estructura metropolitana

Duarte¹,

Núñez²,

Lineros³

2010

6to. Cogreso Internacional Ciudad Y Territorio Virtual, Mexicali, 5, 6 Y 7 Octubre 2010

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Las metrópolis han sufrido en la última mitad de siglo un proceso de descentralización de la actividad económica y el desarrollo de nuevas centralidades fuera de sus cascos tradicionales. Este proceso, ha permitido la generación de subcentros de actividad, que captan actividad económica de los centros urbanos generando nuevos patrones de ocupación del territorio, que coexisten con los procesos de dispersión. En esta investigación, mediante el análisis de la densidad de empleo, se caracteriza la estructura policentrica de 7 áreas metropolitanas españolas: Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Bilbao, Sevilla, Zaragoza, y Málaga; en el sentido de identificar la forma en cómo la población y la actividad económica se distribuye en 4 tipos de asentamientos: 1) núcleos centrales de actividad, 2) continuos centrales, 3) núcleos satelitales de actividad, y 4) resto del área metropolitana. Los resultados sugieren que el nivel de policentrismo está asociado a dos factores: el tamaño de los sistemas metropolitanos y la matriz territorial en la que se ubican éstos; así, cuanto más grandes son los primeros y más accidentada es la segunda, el proceso de autoorganización espacial de la economía tiende a generar sistemas policéntricos. The cities have suffered in the last half century a process of decentralization of economic activity and development of new centralities outside their traditional helmets. This process has allowed the generation of sub-centers, that capture economic activity to generate new patterns in the territory, which coexist with the scattering processes. In this research, by analyzing the density of employment, polycentric structure characterized by seven metropolitan areas Spanish: Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Bilbao, Seville, Zaragoza, and Málaga, in the sense of identifying how and how people and economic activity is settled in into four types of settlement: 1) nuclei central activity, 2) Central continuous, 3) satellite nucleos , and 4) rest of the metropolitan area. The results suggest that the level of polycentrism is associated with two factors: the size of metropolitan system and the territorial matrix in which are located they, thus, the larger the first and most rugged is the second, the process of spatial self-organization of the economy tends to generate polycentric system.

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Transportation costs, accessibility, and agglomeration economies

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Urban Structure and Polycentrism: Towards a Redefinition of the Sub-centre Concept

Urban Structure and Polycentrism: Towards a Redefinition of the Sub-centre Concept

Multinucleation in Metropolitan Economies

¿Hacia un sistema de metrópolis españolas policéntricas?: caracterización de su estructura metropolitana

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