Transport properties in nickel phthalocyanine thin films using gold electrodes

Abdel‐Malik, T. G.; Abdel-Latif, R.M.; El-Samahy, Ahmed E.; Khalil, S. M.

doi:10.1016/0040-6090(94)06319-2

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For each J±V characteristic there is a well-defined transition voltage V t of value (A) 1.3 V, (B) 2.2 V, and (C) 4.1 V, which increases with film thickness. Similar characteristics have been reported in the literature for several different MPc compounds [14,16,17]. For the Ohmic region the current density J may be expressed as…”

Section: J±v Characteristics (Room Temperature)supporting

confidence: 58%

SCLC Measurements in Nickel Phthalocyanine Thin Films

Anthopoulos

Shafai

2000

phys. stat. sol. (a)

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Sandwich structures of Au/NiPc/Au were fabricated by sequential vacuum thermal sublimation onto borosilicate glass substrates. dc electrical measurements were performed for several NiPc thin films of different thickness in the range (d 0:25±1.09 mm). The relative permittivity was measured at a low frequency of 100 Hz, yielding a value of e r 2:74. This value is considerably lower in comparison with previously published data for various phthalocyanine materials. Current density±voltage characteristics at room temperature reveal an Ohmic conduction in the lower voltage range, followed by SCLC in the higher range, where the latter was found to be controlled by an exponential trap distribution. The plot of current density versus thickness provides further evidence of this effect. The results are analyzed in terms of exponential trap distribution yielding the following values: The temperature parameter characterizing the exponential trap distribution T t 1165 K, the concentration of thermally generated holes p 0 1:40 Â 10 16 m ± ±3 , trap concentration per unit energy range P 0 4:71 Â 10 43 J ± ±1 m ± ±3 and total concentration of traps N t e 7:57 Â 10 23 m ± ±3 .

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Section: J±v Characteristics (Room Temperature)supporting

confidence: 58%

SCLC Measurements in Nickel Phthalocyanine Thin Films

Anthopoulos

Shafai

2000

phys. stat. sol. (a)

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“…NiPc was chosen because it is known to exhibit a relatively high value of hole mobility. 7,8 The molecular structure of NiPc is shown in the inset of Fig. 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternating current conduction properties of thermally evaporated α-nickel phthalocyanine thin films: Effects of oxygen doping and thermal annealing

Anthopoulos

Shafai

2003

Journal of Applied Physics

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The ac conduction properties of thermally evaporated films of ␣-nickel phthalocyanine ͑␣-NiPc͒ were studied in situ and ex situ employing symmetric gold ohmic electrodes in the frequency range of 20Ϫ10 6 Hz at various temperature regimes. ac conductivity was identified to be via a hopping-type mechanism in the lower temperature region and via a free-band conduction in the high temperature region. Upon exposure of the films to dry air, the low frequency ac conductivity was found to increase by 2 orders of magnitude, which was attributed to oxygen absorption within NiPc. The doping effect was partially reversed by thermal annealing of the films under high vacuum. Measurements on the dependence of capacitance and loss tangent (tan␦) on frequency were consistent and quantitatively explained by invoking an equivalent circuit model. Oxygen doping was found to increase the low frequency capacitance of NiPc. The phenomenon was understood in terms of reduction in the value of device internal resistance induced by oxygen absorption.

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“…Hence, there has been a need for new light-weight, easily processable, electrically conductive polymers having excellent atmospheric stability against air, water, etc. Organometallic polymer backbones such as polymeric phthalocyanines have excellent stability at higher temperatures, in the presence of moisture and oxygen and hence, are suitable candidates for making environmentally stable, electrically conductive materials [31][32][33][34][35] . Application of phthalocyanine polymers as photoconductors [36][37][38] , batteries, solar cells, microlithographic devices, and sensors [39][40][41] have also been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric and electrical measurements of phthalocyanine polymers

El‐Ghaffar¹,

Youssef²,

Elhalawany³

et al. 1998

Angew. Makromol. Chem.

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Phthalocyanine polymers, either metal‐free or containing the transition elements Cu, Co, Cr and Fe, respectively, have been prepared from pyromellitic dianhydride by the conventional urea fusion method. The polymers were characterized and their structures were confirmed using elemental analysis, spectrophotometric measurements as IR, UV‐VIS, and XRD, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The calculated values of the activation energy indicate the semiconducting behavior of the metal‐free as well as the Cu and Fe phthalocyanine polymers within the temperature range 300 – 523 K. Real part of the relative permittivity (ϵ'r) for all investigated samples was measured at different temperatures as a function of frequency..

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Transport properties in nickel phthalocyanine thin films using gold electrodes

Cited by 37 publications

References 11 publications

SCLC Measurements in Nickel Phthalocyanine Thin Films

SCLC Measurements in Nickel Phthalocyanine Thin Films

Alternating current conduction properties of thermally evaporated α-nickel phthalocyanine thin films: Effects of oxygen doping and thermal annealing

Spectrophotometric and electrical measurements of phthalocyanine polymers

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