Transport Policy and the Car Divide in the UK, the US and France: Beyond the Environmental Debate

Abstract

International audienc

‘Unequal Mobilities’ in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area: Daily Travel Choices and Private Car Use

“…Other lines of study are also developing around the relationship between transport and poverty, and within urban poverty, the focus on mobility restrictions related with gender, nationality or ethnicity, or homelessness (Church et al, 2000;Hine & Grieco, 2003;Fol, Dupuy, & Coutard, 2007;Jaffe, Klaufus, & Colombijn, 2012;Jackson, 2012;Oliveira, 2014;Elias, Benjamin, & Shiftan, 2015). Church et al note certain limitations to these approaches.…”

Understanding Mobilities for Designing Contemporary Cities

“…However, they have not been scaled up, for reasons including excessive cost, the risk of undermining public transport and the fundamental conflict with environmental objectives (Fol et al 2007). Moreover, to adopt the terminology proposed in this chapter, programmes to increase car ownership among the poor would just shift them from one form of transport disadvantage (car deprivation) to another (car-related economic stress).…”

“…Auto programs including short-term car loans, financial aids for vehicle purchase, driving lessons and maintenance, mostly focused on work-related travel needs have been implemented at the local level in countries such as France, the UK and the US (Fol et al 2007;Le Breton 2004b;Lucas 2004;SEU 2003). However, they have not been scaled up, for reasons including excessive cost, the risk of undermining public transport and the fundamental conflict with environmental objectives (Fol et al 2007).…”

A Case Study of Job Access and Reverse Commute Programs in the Chicago, Kansas City, and San Francisco Metropolitan Regions

“…Another reason there was a low number of applications was because it took a significant amount of time to clarify JARC program objectives and regulations and identify resources that could be used to ensure that the program would work. Even though half of the LIFT programs were for bus line improvements, MTC recognized that public transit could not meet the needs of all CalWORK recipients (Fol et al 2007). This was a new and awkward position for MTC given that their overall mission is to promote public transit (Fol et al 2007;Blumenberg et al 2003).…”

“…Even though half of the LIFT programs were for bus line improvements, MTC recognized that public transit could not meet the needs of all CalWORK recipients (Fol et al 2007). This was a new and awkward position for MTC given that their overall mission is to promote public transit (Fol et al 2007;Blumenberg et al 2003). By funding two car programs and one vanpool program in the second round of LIFT funding, MTC took a step towards increasing the diversity of transit options for low-income populations.…”