Transport of carbon and phosphorus compounds about
            <i>Sphagnum</i>

Rydin, Håkan; Clymo, R. S.

doi:10.1098/rspb.1989.0037

Cited by 105 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, the C/Nvalues ofthe same plant species can vary between sites, being prominent for Sphagnum (Schellekens et al, 2015a). Such prominence can be explained by differences in N deposition, because living Sphagnum assimilates N from the atmosphere (Rydin and Clymo, 1989;Aerts et al, 2001;Heijmans et al, 2002), whereas vascular plants require N from the subsoil (Malmer et al, 2003).…”

Section: Cjnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers and inorganic proxies in the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of mires: The importance of landscape in Las Conchas (Asturias, Northern Spain)

Ortíz

Borrego

Gallego

et al. 2016

Organic Geochemistry

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A B S T R A C TWe determined the lipid distributions (n-alkanes, n-alkan-2-ones, n-alkanoic acids), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), CajMg and ash content in Las Conchas mire, a 3.2 m deep bryophytedominated mire in Northern Spain covering 8000 cal yr BP. Bog conditions developed in the bottom 20 cm of the profile, and good preservation of organic matter (OM) was inferred from n-alkanoic acid distribution, with the exception of the uppermost 20 cm (last ca. 200 yr). Microbial synthesis of long chain saturated fatty acids from primary OM likely produced a dominance of short chain n-alkanoic acids with a bimodal distribution, as well as the lack of correspondence between the n-alkane and n-alkanoic acid profiles in the upper 20 cm. This was accompanied by an increase in ash content, a decrease in TOC and variation in n-alkane ratio s, thereby suggesting significant changes in the mire, namely drainage and transformation to a meadow, in the last ca. 200 yr. The distribution of n-alkan-2-ones indicated an increase in bacterial source from the bottom of the record to 94 cm, whereas their distribution in the upper part could be attributed mainly to plant input andjor the microbial oxidation of n-alkanes. The different n-alkane proxies showed variations, which we interpreted in terms of changes in vegetation (Sphagnum vs. non-Sphagnum dominated phases) during the last 8000 cal yr BP. C 23 was the most abundant homolog throughout most ofthe record, thereby suggesting dominant humid conditions alternating with short drier phases. However, such humid conditions were not linked to paleoclimatic variation but rather to geomorphological characteristics: Las Conchas mire, at the base of the Cuera Range, receives continuous runoff-even during drier periods-which is not necessarily accompanied by additional mineral input to peat, producing the development of Sphagnum moss typical of waterlogged ecotopes and damp habitats. Thus, although geochemical proxies indicated an ombrotrophic regime in the mire, geomorphological characteristics may make a considerable contribution to environmental conditions.

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Section: Cjnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers and inorganic proxies in the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of mires: The importance of landscape in Las Conchas (Asturias, Northern Spain)

Ortíz

Borrego

Gallego

et al. 2016

Organic Geochemistry

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“…Methane incorporation measurements. S. cuspidatum, collected from the Mariapeel nature reserve, was washed with demineralized water and incubated in 250-ml serum bottles in 5 g wet weight aliquots with 150 ml medium as described previously 8 . 13 C-or 12 C-CH 4 or CO 2 were added to final concentrations of 200 mM as specified in the text.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. cuspidatum fixes carbon dioxide via the Calvin cycle, and is able to fractionate strongly against 13 C (up to 29‰) at high carbon dioxide concentrations (.2 mM) 12,13 . However, unlike vascular (semi-)aquatic plants such as rice, S. cuspidatum does not have aerenchyma 8 that facilitate the transport of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Therefore, at lower carbon dioxide concentrations, carbon assimilation by S. cuspidatum is limited by mass transfer, and carbon fractionation has been reported to decrease to at most 4‰ (refs 12, 13).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Methanotrophic symbionts provide carbon for photosynthesis in peat bogs

Raghoebarsing

Smolders²,

Schmid

et al. 2005

Nature

385

378

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Wetlands are the largest natural source of atmospheric methane 1 , the second most important greenhouse gas 2 . Methane flux to the atmosphere depends strongly on the climate 3 ; however, by far the largest part of the methane formed in wetland ecosystems is recycled and does not reach the atmosphere 4,5 . The biogeochemical controls on the efficient oxidation of methane are still poorly understood. Here we show that submerged Sphagnum mosses, the dominant plants in some of these habitats, consume methane through symbiosis with partly endophytic methanotrophic bacteria, leading to highly effective in situ methane recycling. Molecular probes revealed the presence of the bacteria in the hyaline cells of the plant and on stem leaves. Incubation with 13 C-methane showed rapid in situ oxidation by these bacteria to carbon dioxide, which was subsequently fixed by Sphagnum, as shown by incorporation of 13 C-methane into plant sterols. In this way, methane acts as a significant (10-15%) carbon source for Sphagnum. The symbiosis explains both the efficient recycling of methane and the high organic carbon burial in these wetland ecosystems.Peat bogs alternate between lawns and pools. Lawns are dominated by species that grow up to several decimetres above the water table. Pools are dominated by aquatic species, such as Sphagnum cuspidatum, that form layers of living plants below the water table. We investigated the methane-oxidizing activity of submerged S. cuspidatum from peat bog pools at different field locations in the Netherlands, and compared it to the activity of S. magellanicum and S. papillosum growing in lawns. The potential methane-oxidizing activity was substantially higher in the submerged mosses (Fig. 1). In control experiments with bog water, methane was not oxidized, indicating that the methanotrophic bacteria were mainly present on or in the living Sphagnum tissue.The identity and location of these methanotrophs was determined in a molecular approach. Total genomic DNA from washed Sphagnum plants was isolated and bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes were amplified, cloned into Escherichia coli, sequenced and analysed phylogenetically. One of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the clone library was affiliated to a cluster of type II methanotrophs that contained acidophilic methanotrophs isolated from Sphagnum bogs, such as Methylocella palustris (identity 93%) 6 and Methylocapsa acidiphila (identity 93%) 7 .The full 16S rRNA gene sequence was used to design two specific oligonucleotide probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH was combined with serial sectioning of the stems and the stem leaves of multiple individuals of submerged S. cuspidatum. The methanotrophic bacterium targeted by the probes was the dominant methanotroph in S. cuspidatum sections, accounting for over 75% of

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“…Thus, the decrease of 137 Cs activity concentration 359 in plant segments below 10 cm indicates a release of the radionuclide from dying-off 360 lower part of Sphagnum and internal translocation to the capitulum. The mechanism of 361 radiocaesium and alkali metals relocation within Sphagnum is most likely the same active 362 translocation as described for metabolites by Rydin and Clymo (1989 …”

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confidence: 91%