Transport behaviour of aromatic solvents through styrene butadiene rubber/poly [methyl methacrylate] (SBR/PMMMA) interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) membranes

James, Jemy; Thomas, George V.; Pramoda, K.P.; Thomas, Sabu

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2017.03.063

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For the most‐known example, Gong's group has developed the double network gel (DN gels) composed of two kinds of network with different strength, where these two kinds of cross‐linked networks are interpenetrating with each other. Thus DN gels are a special class, but can be categorized and called as the interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). In their first report, the first network is kept flexible and highly stretchable while the second network is designed to be brittle against deformation.…”

Section: Summary Of Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of All Polyester‐Based Semi‐IPN Elastomers Containing Self‐Associative or Non‐Associative Guest Chains via Post‐Blending Cross‐Linking

Hayashi

Sugimoto

Takasu

2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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and gels. [7][8][9][10][11] The fracture of these materials occurs mainly because of the localized stress concentration in the molecular network under deformation. [12,13] Therefore, suppression of the stress concentration should be required to achieve high-toughness materials, which can be enabled simply by incorporation of a stress-dissipation device in the network structure. For the most-known example, Gong's group has developed the double network gel (DN gels) composed of two kinds of network with different strength, [14][15][16][17][18][19] where these two kinds of cross-linked networks are interpenetrating with each other. Thus DN gels are a special class, but can be categorized and called as the interpenetrating polymer network (IPN [20][21][22][23][24] ). In their first report, [25] the first network is kept flexible and highly stretchable while the second network is designed to be brittle against deformation. Under deformation, the brittle network is therefore broken primary to the fracture of the flexible network. The fracture of the brittle network can work sacrificially to suppress stress-localization in the network, providing high mechanical toughness to the material. Similarly, there is also another category of interpenetrating poly mer network, called semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN). In semi-IPN materials, the guest polymers that do not form permanent cross-links interpenetrate with the main network. [26][27][28][29][30] For such materials, various physical properties, including the thermal properties and mechanical toughness, are modified or enhanced by adding guest polymers that have different thermal or flow properties.Conventionally, IPN or semi-IPN materials are prepared by polymerization of second monomers in the presence of a first cross-linked network, where the cross-linkable monomers (such as divinyl monomers) are also added in case for preparation of IPN materials. Therefore, in such preparation methods, the molecular characteristics of component polymers and networks (e.g., the molecular weight, the fraction of second network or guest polymers) are difficult to be quantified due to the insoluble nature of cross-linked systems. This limits the precise investigation of correlation between molecular characteristics and physical properties. In addition, for both IPN and semi-IPN materials, the compatibility between the component Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Mechanical properties of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) elastomers consisting of chemical networks and self-associative/nonassociative guest chains are demonstrated. Amorphous low T g polyesters with thiol side groups (PE-SH) are first synthesized by melt polycondensation. PE-SH are then converted to polyesters containing COOH side groups (PE-COOH) and amide side groups (PE-amide) through Michael addition reaction of thiol groups with acrylic acid and acrylamide, respectively. Homogeneous semi-IPN elastomers are obtained by thermal cross-linking for bulk mixtures of PE-COOH and PE-amide in the...

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Section: Summary Of Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of All Polyester‐Based Semi‐IPN Elastomers Containing Self‐Associative or Non‐Associative Guest Chains via Post‐Blending Cross‐Linking

Hayashi

Sugimoto

Takasu

2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…The use of IPN as compatibilization route increases the adhesion between the phases by reducing their interfacial tension. Accordingly, better dispersion of the phases and a stable morphology are obtained . It is expected that the mechanical properties of IPN will be higher compared to those obtained for the physical blend of polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Melt compounded nanocomposites with semi‐interpenetrated network structure based on natural rubber, polyethylene, and carrot nanofibers

Haque

Herrera

Geng

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The present study deals with the processing and characterization of cellulose nanocomposites natural rubber (NR), low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) reinforced with carrot nanofibers (CNF) with the semi‐interpenetrated network (S‐IPN) structure. The nanocomposites were compounded using a co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder where a master‐batch of NR and CNF was fed to the LDPE melt, and the NR phase was crosslinked with dicumyl peroxide. The prepared S‐IPN nanocomposites exhibited a significant improvement in tensile modulus and yield strength with 5 wt % CNF content. These improvements are due to a better phase dispersion in the S‐IPN nanocomposites compared with the normal blend materials, as demonstrated by optical microscopy, electron microscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The S‐IPN nanocomposite also displayed an improved crystallinity and higher thermal resistance compared with NR, CNF, and the normal blend materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45961.

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“…James et al fabricated IPN's, semi ‐ IPN's based on SBR and PMMA, and analyzed them for transport properties, to which they reported an increase in cross‐linker level in SBR in PMMA lowers the solvent uptake. Experimental Qt Vs √t was compared with Peppas ‐ Sahlin model and Korsmeyer ‐ Peppas model, which fitted Peppas ‐ Sahlin model 18 . Further, Saliney et al 19 studied on the diffusion characteristics of the NR/NBR CNT nanocomposites and noted a decrease in diffusion and cross‐link density values with increase in CNT concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of diffusion characteristics for aromatic solvents through carbon black filled natural rubber/ butadiene rubber blends

et al. 2020

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Knowledge of solvent effect on the polymer is a need, for a large number of industrial and laboratory purposes. It is well known that swelling is a serious drawback for rubber products such as seals and O‐rings. The flexible rubber chains are highly prone to diffusion and allow easy penetration of solvent molecules through it, which causes swelling in rubber products. The flexibility and molecular mobility of rubber chains are reduced by either cross‐linking/blending/ adding inclusions. This reduces the swelling of rubber products. In the present work, blending rubbers and adding inclusions are experimented and reported. Various compositions of natural rubber (NR) / butadiene rubber (BR) i.e., 70NR/30BR, 50NR/50BR,30NR/70BR with and without carbon black (CB) were compounded, cured and characterized for diffusion analysis using benzene, toluene, and xylene. To determine the effect of varying filler concentration, 70NR/30BR blend was filled with 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50phr of CB and analyzed for diffusion characteristics. Loading of CB into rubbers reduces the chain flexibility as a result of rubber/filler interactions and this leads to a dramatic reduction in the diffusion of the solvent into rubber compounds. Diffusion characteristics of CB filled rubber blends were compared with their neat counterparts and CB filled blends showed less solvent uptake. Swelling characteristics for the neat and filled rubbers and their blends were calculated to determine coefficients and index of swelling. The experimental diffusion data obtained were fitted with mathematical models for predicting the diffusion behavior through the rubber vulcanisates to understand the mechanism of transport phenomena.

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Transport behaviour of aromatic solvents through styrene butadiene rubber/poly [methyl methacrylate] (SBR/PMMMA) interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) membranes

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Preparation of All Polyester‐Based Semi‐IPN Elastomers Containing Self‐Associative or Non‐Associative Guest Chains via Post‐Blending Cross‐Linking

Preparation of All Polyester‐Based Semi‐IPN Elastomers Containing Self‐Associative or Non‐Associative Guest Chains via Post‐Blending Cross‐Linking

Melt compounded nanocomposites with semi‐interpenetrated network structure based on natural rubber, polyethylene, and carrot nanofibers

Analysis of diffusion characteristics for aromatic solvents through carbon black filled natural rubber/ butadiene rubber blends

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