Transplanting time and seedling age affect water productivity, rice yield and quality in north-west India

Brar, Sukhmanpreet Kaur; Mahal, S. S.; Brar, A. S.; Vashist, Krishan Kumar; Sharma, Neerja; Buttar, G. S.

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.001

Cited by 66 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…7a), consistent with the findings of the field studies of Brar et al (2012) and Mahajan et al (2009) for long and medium duration varieties. The findings are also consistent with the observation that crops exposed to high vapour pressure deficit (as for earlier sowings) have lower photo assimilation per unit of water consumed and higher respiration due to higher day temperature (Kropff et al, 1993).…”

Section: Effect Of Rice Sowing Datesupporting

confidence: 89%

Options for increasing the productivity of the rice–wheat system of north-west India while reducing groundwater depletion. Part 1. Rice variety duration, sowing date and inclusion of mungbean

Balwinder-Singh

Humphreys

Yadav

et al. 2015

Field Crops Research

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a b s t r a c tThe irrigated rice-wheat (RW) systems of north-west India are critical for food security. However, these systems are not sustainable due to over-exploitation of the groundwater resource on which they largely rely. Current farmer practice (FP) involves manual transplanting of rice into heavily tilled/puddled soil from 10 June to early July, prolonged periods of flooding, rice residue burning, and heavy tillage prior to sowing wheat. Inclusion of a short duration mungbean crop between wheat harvest and rice transplanting has also been promoted at times. Options for reducing irrigation input to the RW system include delaying transplanting until after the monsoon rains start (late June), switching to shorter duration rice varieties, and alternate wetting drying (AWD) water management for rice. However, the effect of such practices on groundwater depletion is not well-understood. Examining the effects of these options on cropping system yield and components of the water balance and water productivity is highly complex because of the need to consider the interactions between each crop in the system. Therefore, we used a cropping system model (APSIM) to compare the performance of RW systems with a range of rice transplanting dates (4 dates from 10 June to 10 August) and rice variety durations (long -158 d, medium -144 d, short -125 d), with and without mungbean in the system. The results suggest that changing from long to short duration varieties would reduce ET by around 250 mm, more than enough to halt the groundwater decline, but with a reduction in rice-equivalent system yield of about 2.5 t ha −1 compared with current FP. On the other hand, inclusion of mungbean into the RW system results in much higher system yield than recommended farmer practice (by over 3 t ha −1 ), but the tradeoffs are much higher ET (by 250-300 mm) and irrigation requirement (by 300-450 mm). The results of this study suggest that more effort should be directed towards the development of higher-yielding, short duration rice varieties to reduce groundwater depletion of the RW system while maintaining yield, and that inclusion of short duration summer crops such as mungbean should not be recommended.

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Section: Effect Of Rice Sowing Datesupporting

confidence: 89%

Options for increasing the productivity of the rice–wheat system of north-west India while reducing groundwater depletion. Part 1. Rice variety duration, sowing date and inclusion of mungbean

Balwinder-Singh

Humphreys

Yadav

et al. 2015

Field Crops Research

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“…In the intervening years, many authors have compared estimates of water productivity across time, location, and cultivars, partly with the goal of identifying opportunities for increasing agricultural production through improvements in water management (Zwart and Bastiaanssen 2004;Jalota et al 2009;Mahajan et al 2009;Faramarzi et al 2010;Brar et al 2012;Alauddin and Sharma 2013;Alauddin et al 2014;Silva et al 2014;Yadvinder-Singh et al 2014). Many of the authors report differences in calculated values of water productivity, yet often little intuition is provided regarding likely causes of the observed differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water productivity and food security: considering more carefully the farm-level perspective

Wichelns¹

2015

Food Sec.

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With the increasing demands on water resources in many areas, many authors are calling for increases in water productivity in agriculture to ensure sufficient food production in the future. While compelling at first glance, the notion of increasing water productivity is not supported by an underlying economic rationale and is not necessarily consistent with the goals of individual farmers regarding net revenue or subsistence production. Water productivity, as defined in the literature, is a ratio describing the average amount of output or value associated with the amount of water applied or transpired in crop production. As such, the ratio is not a sufficient indicator of economic efficiency and cannot be relied on to determine desirable adjustments in regional water allocations or in farm-level irrigation strategies. I describe the shortcomings of water productivity as an indicator of optimal water use, with a focus on farm-level decisions regarding crop production and irrigation. I note also the importance of considering more carefully the full set of inputs that contribute to crop production, and the risk and uncertainty that influence farmlevel decisions. Water productivity does not address these inherent characteristics of agricultural production, which must be considered when evaluating policies and investments to enhance rural livelihoods and ensure food security.

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“…Rahimpour [31] investigated those 27 days old seedlings produced maximum 1000-kernel weight (22.08 g) as compared to 30 days old seedlings which gave minimum value of 20.33 g. Age of seedlings significantly influenced 1000-grain weight and the maximum 1000 grain weight (22.61 g) were obtained by transplanting younger seedlings of 15 days while and the minimum grains (21.00 g) were obtained from 30 days old seedlings [19]. Whereas Brar et al [33] reported that seedling age had no significant effect on 1000-kernel weight and seedlings of 30, 45 and 60 days conceived statistically similar thousand kernel weight. According to the findings of [20] maximum 1000-kernel weight (26.40 g) was obtained by transplanting younger seedlings (25 days) while minimum (25.98 g) was given by older seedlings (35 days).…”

Section: -Kernel Weightmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Maximum number of spikelets (114.6) was recorded with the seedlings of 27 days age while minimum (106.4) was recorded in case of 30 days old seedling. Brar et al [33] reported that seedling age had no significant effect on number of grains per panicle. Seedlings of 30 45 and 60 days produced similar number of grains panicle −1 .…”

Section: Number Of Spikelets/grains Panicle −1mentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of Seedling Age and Nitrogen Rates on Productivity of Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.): A Review

Aslam¹,

Zeeshan²,

Irum³

et al. 2015

AJPS

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Rice is an important crop and the food security of the world is strongly associated with it as it is the staple food of half of the world's population. Among various agro-management practices seedling age and nitrogen rates significantly affected its growth, development and yield components. Rice cultivars performed differently when transplanted in field at varying seedling ages depending upon their genetic makeup and adoptability to certain environmental conditions. Seedling age plays an important role in yield contributing parameters like number of productive tillers, panicle length, filled grains panicle −1 and 1000-kernel weight leading to higher paddy yield in different rice cultivars and hybrids. Nitrogen is required in huge quantity in rice production as it is an important constituent of plant parts and processes. Paddy yield increases significantly with the increase in nitrogen rate but after a certain limit yield starts decreasing. Keeping in view the significance of seedling age and nitrogen rates in different rice cultivars and hybrids, an effort has been made to review some research work already conducted and will be helpful to the researchers and scientists to plan future strategies.

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Transplanting time and seedling age affect water productivity, rice yield and quality in north-west India

Cited by 66 publications

References 6 publications

Options for increasing the productivity of the rice–wheat system of north-west India while reducing groundwater depletion. Part 1. Rice variety duration, sowing date and inclusion of mungbean

Options for increasing the productivity of the rice–wheat system of north-west India while reducing groundwater depletion. Part 1. Rice variety duration, sowing date and inclusion of mungbean

Water productivity and food security: considering more carefully the farm-level perspective

Influence of Seedling Age and Nitrogen Rates on Productivity of Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.): A Review

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Transplanting time and seedling age affect water productivity, rice yield and quality in north-west India

Cited by 66 publications

References 6 publications

Options for increasing the productivity of the rice–wheat system of north-west India while reducing groundwater depletion. Part 1. Rice variety duration, sowing date and inclusion of mungbean

Options for increasing the productivity of the rice–wheat system of north-west India while reducing groundwater depletion. Part 1. Rice variety duration, sowing date and inclusion of mungbean

Water productivity and food security: considering more carefully the farm-level perspective

Influence of Seedling Age and Nitrogen Rates on Productivity of Rice (&lt;i&gt;Oryza sativa&lt;/i&gt; L.): A Review

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Influence of Seedling Age and Nitrogen Rates on Productivity of Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.): A Review