Transplantation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells into Brain Through Cerebrospinal Fluid in Rat Models: Protocol Development and Initial Outcome Data

Abstract

Cell therapy is an important strategy for the treatment of incurable diseases including those that occur in the central nervous system (CNS). Among different strategies, the method of delivering or transplantation of cells into the brain has shown significant effects on regeneration. In this study, a new protocol has been developed for the transplantation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells into the brain through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in rat models. For this purpose, a wide range of ages (7-30 days old) of male neonates of Wistar rats was used. Moreover, human adipose tissue was obtained from a superficial layer of abdomen through liposuction surgery. The size of the inserted part of needle to access middle cranial fossa and subarachnoid space in animals with an average weight of 10-80 g was determined. In addition, to confirm the entrance of needle into the subarachnoid space, CSF was aspirated slowly and then injection was done within two minutes. The findings showed the presence of transplanted human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSC) in the cerebellum and basal ganglia following three days and also after two months that confirmed the entrance of transplanted cells into the cerebrospinal fluid and migration of them into the brain tissue. All the animals survived after the transplantation process, with the lowest side effects compared to the available conventional methods. It can be concluded that the cells could be efficiently transplanted into CSF through subarachnoid space by injection via superior orbital fissure with a minimally invasive technique.

Therapeutic role of adipose tissue–derived stem cells versus microvesicles in a rat model of cerebellar injury

“…Other researchers used different approaches for ASC administration either by intrathecal injection into a rat model via lumbar puncture to deliver mesenchymal stem cells to the brain or transplantation of ASCs through the cerebrospinal fluid by inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space. 61,62 In the current work, administration of ASCs caused functional and structural improvement as there was a gradual deterioration in the motor function through the first 2 weeks of assessment followed by some improvement along the remaining time of the experiment but did not return to baseline values. Also, the Purkinje cells were nearly similar to the control.…”

“…As regard group III, rats received ASCs intravenous, through the caudal vein. Other researchers used different approaches for ASC administration either by intrathecal injection into a rat model via lumbar puncture to deliver mesenchymal stem cells to the brain or transplantation of ASCs through the cerebrospinal fluid by inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space 61,62 …”

Design and characterization of biodegradable multi layered electrospun nanofibers for corneal tissue engineering applications

“…One of the sources of stem cells is hEnSCs that contribute to the restoration of endometrial cycles (Lynch, Golden‐Mason, Eogan, O'Herlihy, & O'Farrelly, ). These cells can be an appropriate source of mesenchymal stem cells because of its accessibility, easy cultivation (Shirian et al, ), have anti‐inflammatory properties and have a high degree of differentiation such as neuron cells, oligodendrocyte cells, adipocytes cells, osteoblastic cells, and beta cells of the pancreatic islet (Amini et al, ; Mohamadi et al, ). The specific cell markers such as CD44, CD146, CD90, and CD105 were expressed by these cells (Mohamadi, Ebrahimi‐Barough, et al, ).…”

Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Breast Tisssue Regeneration

“…The chemical composition and physical characteristics (microstructural and mechanical features) of the biomaterial govern stem cells behavior and cell-scaffold interactions particularly cellular proliferation, differentiation and adhesion [5,28,85], as this controls cellular responses via providing a biochemical and biophysical environment [5,86]. Moreover, patent microcirculation and ECM are inevitable prerequisites for the survival of the transplanted or regenerated adipose tissue [87].…”