Transplacental transfer of aflatoxin in humans

Denning, David W.; Allen, Roger L.; Wilkinson, A. W.; Morgan, Michael R. A.

doi:10.1093/carcin/11.6.1033

Cited by 88 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…28 We found a highly significant negative correlation between aflatoxin levels in cord blood and birthweight and between maternal aflatoxin levels and birthweight. Unlike most reports in the literature, 9,29,30 we found a highly significant correlation between aflatoxin levels in mothers and their infants. This reflects either the speed and efficiency with which aflatoxins are transported across the placenta to the fetus or continuous ingestion of aflatoxin by the mother, thereby resulting in a steady supply of aflatoxin to the fetus.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…It is surprising therefore that a study in Thailand found aflatoxin in the blood of only two mothers, drawn immediately after the birth of 35 neonates with aflatoxins in their cord blood. 29 Others have also reported a lack of correlation between aflatoxin in cord blood and maternal blood. 9 In the latter study, 53% of 125 primigravida mothers tested prenatally were positive for aflatoxins and the same percentage from a further 59 women tested at delivery proved positive, but only one of 34 had both prenatal and postnatal exposure while 12 of 34 previously negative samples were positive at delivery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morbidity in neonates of mothers who have ingested aflatoxins

Abdulrazzaq

Osman

Yousif

et al. 2004

Annals of Tropical Paediatrics

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This study was undertaken to assess whether aflatoxin M(1) concentrations in newborn infants correlated with those of their mothers and to determine whether the presence of aflatoxin M(1) in cord blood was associated with an increase in morbidity in the newborn. There was a strong correlation (r =0.797, p <0.0001) between mothers' and cord blood levels of aflatoxin. There was also a strong negative correlation between aflatoxin levels and birthweight (r =-0.565, p <0.001) but there was no association between aflatoxin M(1) concentration in maternal or cord blood and rates of jaundice or infection.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morbidity in neonates of mothers who have ingested aflatoxins

Abdulrazzaq

Osman

Yousif

et al. 2004

Annals of Tropical Paediatrics

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“…Aflatoxin has been detected in cord blood and breast milk in areas of Africa and Asia that have high rates of food contamination with this fungal toxin. In Thailand, 17 of 35 samples of cord sera contained aflatoxin at concentrations of 0.064-13.6 nmol/ml, whereas only 2 of 35 samples of maternal sera contained aflatoxin (Denning et al, 1990). Aflatoxin was detected in 37% of Sudanese, 28% of Kenyan, and 32% of Ghanaian breast milk samples (Maxwell et al, 1989).…”

Section: Livermentioning

confidence: 98%

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Liu

Xia

Guo

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The urinary metabolites of phthalates are well-accepted exposure biomarkers for adults and children older than 6 years but are not commonly used for infants owing to non-convenient sampling. In the light of this situation, a novel sampling method based on monitoring the urine expressed from the gel diaper was developed. The urine was expressed from the gel absorbent after mixing the absorbent with CaCl2 and then collected by a laboratory-made device; the urinary phthalate metabolites were extracted and cleaned using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry / mass spectrometry. To evaluate the method's feasibility, the following factors were investigated: the proportion of CaCl2 to gel absorbent, the urination volume variation and the target compounds' deposition bias in the diaper, the matrix blank of the different diaper brands, the storage stabilities and the recoveries of creatinine and phthalate metabolites in the expressed urine. Mono-methyl phthalate, mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate were involved. 70-80% of the urine can be expressed from the diaper, and the expressed spiking recoveries and the limit of detection of mono-phthalates ranged from 88.5-115% and 0.21-0.50 ng/ml. The method was applied to measure phthalate metabolites in 65 gel diaper samples from 15 infants, and the pilot data suggests the infants are commonly exposed to phthalates. In summary, the method for monitoring of infant exposure to phthalates is sound and validated, and the potential health effects from the vulnerable infants' exposure to phthalates should be concerned.39th Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (SRF for ROCS); Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams [KZCX2-YW-T08

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“…This exposure, in the case of a developing individual, not only takes place through foodstuffs but also through mother's milk (5,6). Additionally, transplacental exposure of aflatoxin to fetus has also been reported (7). The prevailing conditions of malnourishment may also aggravate the toxic and carcinogenic potentials of aflatoxin in a developing host (34,35).…”

Section: Effects Of Afb1 On Biotransformation Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin induces depletion of activities of phase I biotransformation enzymes in growing rats

Raisuddin

Parmar

Zaidi

et al. 1994

Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet.

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Aflatoxins are suspected human carcinogens and are also known to possess diverse toxicological activities. In the present communication an attempt has been made to evaluate the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes in growing rats. The weanling rats were exposed to 60, 300 or 600 micrograms AFB1/kg body weight, per os, on alternate days for 4 weeks, in 0.2 ml corn oil. A significant depression in the activities of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), aniline hydroxylase (AH) and aminopyrene-N-demethylase (AND) was observed at 300 micrograms and 600 micrograms doses of AFB1. However, no significant change was recorded in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and total sulphydryl (SH) content upon AFB1 exposure in weanling rats. Thus, AFB1 appears to have more pronounced effect on the phase I, rather than phase II, biotransformation enzyme system in weanling rats. The depression of drug metabolizing enzymes together with suppression of immunity by AFB1, as reported earlier by us, may increase the susceptibility of the host to toxic chemicals, drugs and infectious agents, particularly during the post-natal period.

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Transplacental transfer of aflatoxin in humans

Cited by 88 publications

References 0 publications

Morbidity in neonates of mothers who have ingested aflatoxins

Morbidity in neonates of mothers who have ingested aflatoxins

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Aflatoxin induces depletion of activities of phase I biotransformation enzymes in growing rats

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