Transplacental Hæmorrhage in Spontaneous and Induced Abortion

Matthews, C.A.; Matthews, AndrewE.B.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(69)92646-4

Cited by 52 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A survey of the literature makes difficult to establish the proportion of women at risk as the patients and methods reported vary considerably. Queenan et al [20] combined his results with those of Jorgen sen [9], Matthews and Matthews [13] and Murray et al [16], Out of the total 145 Rh(D)-negative pregnant women who underwent induced abortion 8 (5.5%) became immunized. Gestation time varied between 9 and 18 weeks, most of the patients were primigravidae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Several reports indicate that fetal erythrocytes may enter maternal cir culation in the course of induced abortion, even if done in the first trimester of pregnancy [2,4,5,7,11,13,16,24]. This statement is valid, although recent studies of Pembrey et al [21] have contested the reliability of estima tions on the amount of fetal blood absorbed through transplacental haemor rhage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there is no doubt of maternal immunization after induced abortion [3,6,9,10,13,17,19,20], literary reports on the efficacy of prevention are scare [6,17,18]. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of anti-D immunoglobulin prevention after induced abortion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficiency of Anti-D IgG Prevention after Induced Abortion

Simonovits¹

1974

Vox Sanguinis

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In the years 1971-1972 a total of 8,986 Rh-negative women who underwent induced abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy were protected with 50 µg anti-D IgG. Among these were 2,419 primigravidae. Out of these, serological controls could be performed in 1,588 patients 3 or 6 months after abortion. The control has shown that 4 of the 1,588 protected primigravidae (0.25%) became immunized. Two of these proved to be positive only by the papain test. Anti-D prophylaxis diminishes immunization of the abortion recipient to about 1/20 when using the risk figures reported in the literature. Results of the prophylaxis and the observation that 38.0% of the women undergoing induced abortion are young (15-19 years old) justify the opinion of those who advocate administration of anti-D in induced abortion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficiency of Anti-D IgG Prevention after Induced Abortion

Simonovits¹

1974

Vox Sanguinis

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“…9 After an induced abortion in D negative primiparae, the frequency of anti-D in succeeding pregnancy was 1.5% within first 3 months and 3.1% by term. 10,11 Risk of D immunization following amniocentesis was greater and Grant et al observed that the maternal anti-D concentration increased rapidly after procedure. 12 But in our study, no woman had undergone amniocentesis in present or previous pregnancies.…”

Section: Amongmentioning

confidence: 99%

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT OF Rh-D HAEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF NEWBORN

Vilambil¹,

Dharmadas²,

Usha³

et al. 2017

jemds

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BACKGROUNDIn Rh-D haemolytic disease of foetus and newborn (HDFN), newborns can be severely affected, thereby associated with extensive morbidity and mortality. Aim-The aim of this study is to describe the clinical profile of Rh-D HDFN. Settings and Design-This was a descriptive study conducted in newborn, who had Rh-D HDFN. Setting was Depts. of Transfusion Medicine and Paediatrics in Govt. Medical College, Trivandrum. MATERIALS AND METHODSEnrolment of newborn was done according to inclusion criteria. Maternal and neonatal details were noted and risk of jaundice, severity of disease and intensity of treatment was assessed. Statistical Analysis-All statistical data were analysed using SPSS software version 16. RESULTS 29 (65.9%) belonged to male gender and 15 (34.1%) to female gender. The mean bilirubin levels in neonates on Day 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 4.15, 6.66, 9.44, 11.1 and 11.14 mg% respectively; 20 (45.5%) belonged to low risk, 13 (29.5%) to low intermediate risk, 7 (15.9%) to high intermediate risk and 4 (9.1%) to high risk categories; 4 (9.1%) belonged to no anaemia category, 17 (38.6%) belonged to mild anaemia category, 19 (43.2%) to moderate category and 4 (9.1%) to severe category; 35 (79.5%) of infants showed signs of haemolysis; 33 (75%), 7 (15.9%), 3 (6.8%) and 1 (2.3%) infants had mild, moderate, severe and very severe disease respectively; 20 (45.5%) infants required no treatment; 13 (29.5%) infants were treated only with phototherapy. IVIG was given along with phototherapy in 7 (15.9%) infants; 4 (9.1%) infants were treated with exchange transfusion along with IVIG and phototherapy. Neonates were transfused with 9 (20.5%) packed red blood cells, 3 (6.8%) platelets and 2 (4.5%) fresh frozen plasma. Results of intensity of treatment was 20 (45.5%) belonged to grade 0, 13 (29.5%) to grade 1 category; 7 (15.9%) fell into grade 2, 3 (6.8%) into grade 3 and 1 (2.3%) into grade 4 category of treatment. CONCLUSIONMale infants had higher risk of developing Rh-D HDFN. Majority of infants had mild hyperbilirubinaemia and anaemia only. Disease was mild among 3/4 th of infants and almost half of the infants required no treatment.

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“…The placental barrier is not a complete one, and some bidirectional transfer of cells has been observed [51] in normal pregnancy. How ever, in some cases of spontaneous abortion, transplacental hemorrhage has been impli cated based upon a higher than usual number of maternal cells in fetal circulation [52,53]. Experimental bypass of the placental barrier results in fetal death [54], although this is so rapid that it appears to be due to hemody namic overload rather than immunologic factors.…”

Section: Barrier Function Of the Placentamentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Aspects of Pathological Pregnancy (Infertility Immunology)

Mettler

Paul

1984

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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As, theoretically, any of the many mechanisms that appear to operate in normal pregnancy to maintain maternofetal immunologic balance could be altered in pathologic pregnancy, a detailed study of the known immunological aspects of pathological pregnancy is given. After looking into the parental genetic heterozygosity and fertility, a good explanation of the antifetal immunoresponse by the pregnant mother including the antibody formation is shown. The placental transport versus trapping of immunoglobulins is described in detail and it is also shown that the placenta is a source of a number of agents that inhibit cell-mediated immunity (HCG, HPL and steroids). These substances may affect a local inhibition of maternal cell-mediated immunity in the vicinity of the trophoblast. The placenta serves as an effective barrier for transfer of immunocompetent maternal lymphocytes to the fetus. The paramount role of the trophoblast as a barrier, while itself escaping immunologic destruction, calls for further studies.

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Transplacental Hæmorrhage in Spontaneous and Induced Abortion

Cited by 52 publications

References 9 publications

Efficiency of Anti-D IgG Prevention after Induced Abortion

Efficiency of Anti-D IgG Prevention after Induced Abortion

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT OF Rh-D HAEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF NEWBORN

Immunological Aspects of Pathological Pregnancy (Infertility Immunology)

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