Transpiration by established trees could increase the efficiency of stormwater control measures

Supporting Growth and Transpiration of Newly Planted Street Trees With Passive Irrigation Systems

“…While the volume of water storage for pits in our study is adequate to support the low water requirements of newly planted trees, it is likely that as trees grow and their water requirements increase, passive irrigation systems would provide supplementary irrigation to meet part of the water demand of trees (Thom et al., 2020). For example, large A. campestre (40 cm diameter) can use up to 140 L d −1 Čermák et al.…”

“…Increasing the distance between newly planted trees and an adjacent pit in fine‐textured soils to greater than 300 mm could reduce the risk of waterlogging while they establish, but may increase the risk of drought stress (Caplan et al., 2019). Alternatively, adjacent pit designs could be reserved for installation adjacent to larger trees that have higher water requirements (Thom et al., 2020). In many climates and soil types, waterlogging remains a significant issue that should be avoided through design (Grey et al., 2018a) or selecting species that are flood tolerant (Bartens et al., 2009).…”

“…Hence, if passive irrigation systems can be used to achieve early growth and establish trees in the urban landscape faster, the size advantage may not only provide more shade, but may also transpire a greater volume as compared with control trees. The larger volume of transpired water may deplete soil moisture in the pits faster, enabling greater retention of runoff from subsequent events, depending on the frequency and seasonality of rainfall relative to transpiration and evaporative demand (Szota et al., 2018; Thom et al., 2020). Furthermore, greater transpiration may provide greater cooling benefits to urban populations through reduced air temperature via latent heat loss (Gillner et al., 2015; Rahman, Stratopoulos, et al., 2020).…”

Dual-system concept for stormwater control in commercial centre

“…A single system may yield little impact on stormwater control at a catchment scale [5]. Combining stormwater control systems in an urban environment, for example, trenches alongside urban trees are reported in favour of unmitigated impervious surfaces [6]. The types of stormwater control combination vary from catchment to catchment [7].…”

Planning London’s green spaces in an integrated water management approach to enhance future resilience in urban stormwater control

“…The canopy can positively contribute to reduce runoff by intercepting rainfall and improving infiltration (Kuehler, Hathaway & Tirpak, 2017). Plants, and trees in particular can restore the storage capacity and improve runoff reduction via evapotranspiration to transfer the holding water back to the atmosphere (Thom et al, 2020).…”