Transpersonal phenomenology: The cosmological and spiritual dimensions of the Husserlian epoché

Abstract

Although phenomenologist Edmund Husserl’s project was not directed at transpersonal experiences, his methods are nevertheless applicable in a profound and effective way. We explore Husserl’s project and its methods for their relevance to transpersonal studies. Husserl laid out the proposition that science, including psychology, must be grounded in the study of perception, which after all is the source of all data of interest to the sciences. He held that until the essential structures of experience are laid bare, scientists have no idea of which elements of experience come from the environing world (Umwelt) and which are projected by the cognizing mind upon the world. His methods of reduction and epoché are explored and rudimentary steps toward realizing the ‘phenomenological attitude’ are defined. Once we are clear about how Husserlian phenomenology is actually accomplished, we turn to its relevance to transpersonal studies, offering examples first by applying them to the Taylor-Hartelius debate in transpersonal psychology, and then to the issue of absorption states in transpersonal anthropology and the study of the roots of religion cross-culturally.

Consciousness as an intelligent complex adaptive system: A neuroanthropological perspective

“…It is a commonplace these days to consider consciousness a hard problem to comprehend. I am with Peter Carruthers (2003, xiii) when he suggests that the problem with consciousness may be hard, but it is not “insuperable.” In fact, I would suggest that the problem of consciousness is made hard precisely to the extent that consciousness researchers fail to prepare themselves as mature contemplatives before addressing subjectivity scientifically, a point that Edmund Husserl made repeatedly (Farber, 2017; Husserel, [1913] 1982; Laughlin, 1988, 1994). In other words, the more mature a contemplative, the easier they find it to map the essential structures of consciousness onto how we know the brain works.…”