Transparent Soil to Model Thermal Processes: An Energy Pile Example

Black, J.A.; Tatari, Alireza

doi:10.1520/gtj20140215

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The temperature was kept at 25 °C during the experiments to eliminate its influence on the refractive indices of the pore fluids (Siemens et al 2015;Black and Tatari 2015). The refractive index of the fused quartz particles supplied by the manufacturer equals 1.45.…”

Section: Materials and Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of geotechnical properties of fused quartz for transparent material

Lei

Liu

Zhai

et al. 2020

JGS Special Publication

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Transparent soil surrogates permit nonintrusive three-dimensional deformational measurements in geotechnical model tests. Fused quartz saturated with a matched refractive index oil blend is an appropriate surrogate for natural sands. This paper carried out oedometer tests, consolidated drained (CD) triaxial tests and permeability tests on loose and dense oil-blend-saturated fused quartz. The geotechnical properties of compressibility, strength and permeability of the fused quartz were investigated experimentally and compared to those of natural sands and other transparent soil materials. An optimum transparency was obtained with a volume ratio of #15 white mineral oil and n-dodecane of 10:7.5 at room temperature. The dense fused quartz was less compressible with the coefficient of compressibility (α1-2) being 0.192 MPa -1 . The intrinsic permeability ranged from 18.7 to 31.5 darcys and the differences from the natural sands were ignorable. The peak friction angle ranged between 40.9 and 47.3°, which was within the typical range of sands. The test results show that fused quartz serves as an applicable surrogate in scaled model tests such as tunnel face stability experiments.

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Section: Materials and Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of geotechnical properties of fused quartz for transparent material

Lei

Liu

Zhai

et al. 2020

JGS Special Publication

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“…Black and Take (2015) and Black and Tatari (2015) demonstrated that changes in temperature affect the refractive index of transparent soil and consequently reduce its visual acuity. Current state-of-the-art transparent soil tests are conducted at 1 g in temperaturecontrolled laboratories whereby the model temperature and ambient room temperature are carefully controlled and maintained.…”

Section: Test Setup and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrifuge Modelling With Transparent Soil and Laser Aided Imaging

Black

2015

Geotech. Test. J.

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Transparent synthetic soils have been developed as a soil surrogate to enable internal visualization of geotechnical processes in physical models. While significant developments have been made to enhance the methodology and capabilities of transparent soil modelling, the technique is not yet exploited to its fullest potential. Tests are typically conducted at 1 g in small bench size models, which invokes concerns about the impact of scale and stress level observed in previously reported work. This paper recognized this limitation and outlines the development of improved testing methodology whereby the transparent soil and laser aided imaging technique are translated to the centrifuge environment. This has a considerable benefit such that increased stresses are provided, which better reflect the prototype condition. The paper describes the technical challenges associated with implementing this revised experimental methodology, summarizes the test equipment/ systems developed, and presents initial experimental results to validate and confirm the successful implementation and scaling of transparent soil testing to the high gravity centrifuge test environment. A 0.6 m wide prototype strip foundation was tested at two scales using the principle of "modelling of models," in which similar performance was observed. The scientific developments discussed have the potential to provide a step change in transparent soil modelling methodology, crucially providing more representative stress conditions that reflect prototype conditions, while making a broader positive contribution to physical modelling capabilities to assess complex soil-structure boundary problems.

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“…However, the change in the transparency of transparent soil can also be a favorable factor in the test [17,18]. Based on this understanding, the relationship between transparency of transparent soil and temperature was established through experiments, and the temperature field around the energy pile was studied [17]. It was proved that the continuous temperature field around the structure could be obtained based on the change in the transparency of transparent soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The changes in transparency caused by temperature, saturation and impurities are considered to be unfavorable factors in the transparent soil test; these factors need to be strictly controlled in the test. However, the change in the transparency of transparent soil can also be a favorable factor in the test [17,18]. Based on this understanding, the relationship between transparency of transparent soil and temperature was established through experiments, and the temperature field around the energy pile was studied [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualized Experimental Study of Soil Temperature Distribution around Submarine Buried Offshore Pipeline Based on Transparent Soil

Li,

Meng,

Sun

et al. 2024

JMSE

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The temperature distribution around the offshore burial pipeline is an important factor affecting its safety design and economic operation. The traditional test method cannot obtain the continuous temperature distribution of soil owing to the constraints of placing measurement sensors in soil. The transparent soil model test is an alternative method to realize the visualization research of soil temperature. In this paper, a relationship between the temperature of transparent soil and pixel intensity was first established. Then, the transparent soil test and numerical simulation, considering the natural convection, were carried out to study the temperature distribution around the submarine pipeline during start-up and stable operation. The influence of buried depth and pipeline diameter was analyzed. The results suggest that the continuous temperature distribution can be obtained visually by using a transparent soil test, and the observed heating zone of influence extended to a radial distance of 2.6 pipe diameters. The numerical analysis results show that the influence zone of the temperature of pipeline is a distance of four pipeline diameters at a temperature difference of 45 °C. The buried depth and pipeline diameter have little influence on the influence zone. In addition, the contour curves of soil temperature around the pipeline with different diameter are similar in shape. With the decrease in the buried depth of pipeline, the temperature gradient of soil around the pipeline decreases, which is caused by the natural convection.

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Transparent Soil to Model Thermal Processes: An Energy Pile Example

Cited by 20 publications

References 37 publications

Evaluation of geotechnical properties of fused quartz for transparent material

Evaluation of geotechnical properties of fused quartz for transparent material

Centrifuge Modelling With Transparent Soil and Laser Aided Imaging

Visualized Experimental Study of Soil Temperature Distribution around Submarine Buried Offshore Pipeline Based on Transparent Soil

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