Transparent metals preparation and characterization of light-transmitting platinum films

Heller, Adam; Aspnes, D. E.; Porter, J.D.; Sheng, T. T.; Vadimsky, R. G.

doi:10.1021/j100267a010

Cited by 75 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…[25] As a result, the optimal loading of catalysts in terms of thickness in these systems is as ultrathin (< 1 nm) films. [25a, 26] Developing transparent and active catalyst films, such as microstructuring porous Pt films [27] or transparent NiO x with suppressed electrochromism under electrolysis, [21a] is required to improve cell efficiency. Alternatively, catalyst loading in a form of random or regular arrays with very low geometric filling fractions (1-10 %) can minimize the sensitivity of the optimal STH conversion efficiency of cells to the detailed optical properties of the catalyst material.…”

Section: Electrocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling, Simulation, and Implementation of Solar‐Driven Water‐Splitting Devices

et al. 2016

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An integrated cell for the solar‐driven splitting of water consists of multiple functional components and couples various photoelectrochemical (PEC) processes at different length and time scales. The overall solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of such a system depends on the performance and materials properties of the individual components as well as on the component integration, overall device architecture, and system operating conditions. This Review focuses on the modeling‐ and simulation‐guided development and implementation of solar‐driven water‐splitting prototypes from a holistic viewpoint that explores the various interplays between the components. The underlying physics and interactions at the cell level is are reviewed and discussed, followed by an overview of the use of the cell model to provide target properties of materials and guide the design of a range of traditional and unique device architectures.

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Section: Electrocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling, Simulation, and Implementation of Solar‐Driven Water‐Splitting Devices

et al. 2016

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“…While bulk metals are optically opaque, effective medium theory (EMT) [41 predicts that collections of small metal particles can be transparent, provided that the wavelength of light employed is much greater than a characteristic dimension of the particle [4]. Hence, EMT can be used as a guide to prepare metal-containing composites that are both electronically conductive and optically transparent [5][6][7][8]. Such composites are inherently interesting from a purely scientific viewpoint and have a variety of possible technological applications [7].…”

Section: Abstract (Maxmum 200 Words)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical properties of composite membranes containing arrays of nanoscopic gold cylinders

Foss¹,

Hornyak²,

Stockert³

et al. 1992

J. Phys. Chem.

216

168

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“…[1][2][3][4] Specifically, the fill factor (ff) is generally negatively correlated with the light-limited photocurrent density ( J ph ), because increases in catalyst loading increase the ff, but also produce larger parasitic optical absorption losses and thus decrease the value of J ph ( Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9 For planar photoelectrode architectures, various options to mitigate this deleterious tradeoff between catalytic activity and optical transparency have been developed. For discrete photovoltaic (PV)-biased electrolysis systems, [1][2][3][4]10 the PV device can be connected electrically to discrete, catalytic electrodes that do not physically obscure incoming light from the PV cell, with the interfacial reactions being performed by majority carriers. 1,11 Alternatively, in photoelectrode structures comprised of a single photoabsorber, a transparent back contact can be used in conjunction with ''backside'' illumination so that the catalyst layer is not in the optical path of the semiconductor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 In certain instances, nanostructuring can produce optically transparent, highly active films of noble metal electrocatalysts. 4 Yet another method involves optimization of the spatial location and areal coverage of islands of an active, but optically absorbing electrocatalyst film, by use of a photolithographic or shadow mask. 13 This approach is analogous to the use of grid-line top contacts in photovoltaics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional integration of Ni–Mo electrocatalysts with Si microwire array photocathodes to simultaneously achieve high fill factors and light-limited photocurrent densities for solar-driven hydrogen evolution

Shaner

McKone

Gray

et al. 2015

Energy Environ. Sci.

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An n + p-Si microwire array coupled with a two-layer catalyst film consisting of Ni-Mo nanopowder and TiO 2 light-scattering nanoparticles has been used to simultaneously achieve high fill factors and lightlimited photocurrent densities from photocathodes that produce H 2 (g) directly from sunlight and water.The TiO 2 layer scattered light back into the Si microwire array, while optically obscuring the underlying Ni-Mo catalyst film. In turn, the Ni-Mo film had a mass loading sufficient to produce high catalytic activity, on a geometric area basis, for the hydrogen-evolution reaction. The best-performing microwire array devices prepared in this work exhibited short-circuit photocurrent densities of À14.3 mA cm À2 , photovoltages of 420 mV, and a fill factor of 0.48 under 1 Sun of simulated solar illumination, whereas the equivalent planar Ni-Mo-coated Si device, without TiO 2 scatterers, exhibited negligible photocurrent due to complete light blocking by the Ni-Mo catalyst layer. Broader contextSolar-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising approach to enable the large-scale conversion and storage of solar energy. Few integrated systems have been realized that use earth-abundant semiconductor and catalyst materials for the half-reactions involved in solar-driven water-splitting, i.e. hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution, while also achieving high energy-conversion efficiencies. We describe herein a hydrogen-evolving Si-based photoelectrode that exhibits high light-limited photocurrent densities, as well as high catalytic activities, while using a high mass loading of an earth-abundant electrocatalyst. The design is reminiscent of a membrane-electrode assembly as used for stand-alone fuel cell and electrolysis systems. The approach exploits the high aspect ratio of the absorber layer to avoid parasitic optical absorption normally associated with a thick catalyst layer on the surface of an illuminated photocathode.

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Transparent metals preparation and characterization of light-transmitting platinum films

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Modeling, Simulation, and Implementation of Solar‐Driven Water‐Splitting Devices

Modeling, Simulation, and Implementation of Solar‐Driven Water‐Splitting Devices

Optical properties of composite membranes containing arrays of nanoscopic gold cylinders

Functional integration of Ni–Mo electrocatalysts with Si microwire array photocathodes to simultaneously achieve high fill factors and light-limited photocurrent densities for solar-driven hydrogen evolution

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