Transparent heater with meshed amorphous oxide/metal/amorphous oxide for electric vehicle applications

Abstract

for electric vehicle application, one of the problems to be solved is defrosting or defogging a windshield or a side mirror without gas-fired heaters. In this paper, we report on a high performance of transparent heater with meshed amorphous-SiinZno (SiZo)/ Ag/ amorphous-SiinZno (SiZo) (SAS) for pure electric vehicles. We have adopted amorphous oxide materials like SIZO since SIZO is well known amorphous oxide materials showing high transparency and smooth surface roughness. With the mesh processing technology, a transparent electrode with high transmittance of 91% and low sheet resistance of 13.8 Ω/ϒ was implemented. When a 10 V supply voltage is applied to transparent heater, the transparent heater on glass substrate was heated up to 130 o C in just 5 seconds and then reached to 250 o c after tens of seconds due to the low sheet resistance. In addition, the SAS transparent meshed heater (TMH) showed high stability under cycling test and long time working stability test. In the context of rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) and 5 G communications, the gas-free electric vehicle is once again became a main topic of recent research. In order to prepare for the era of electrified transportation, the researcher has focused on the auto parts technology that is used by fuel-free electric vehicles, for example, the transparent heater applied in defrosting or defogging a windshield or a side mirror in the winter 1. High transparency in visible region and high electrical conductivity are two important factors of transparent heaters, and this technology is based on the studies of transparent conductive electrode (TCE). Compared with the TCEs that are used for display applications or solar energy applications, for the purpose of rapid heating, transparent heaters are suggested to have better electrical conductivity 2. Electrical properties of TCEs are usually evaluated by measuring the thin films' resistivity, which could be characterized by the reciprocal product of carrier concentration and mobility 3. For instance, In-Sn-O (ITO) is the dominant material in the TCE industry and also be used in the recent manufacturing process of the side mirror 4. The standard electrical properties of ITO thin films, such as carrier concentration, mobility and corresponding resistivity are about 10 20 cm −3 , 10 cm 2 /V•s and 10 −4 Ω•cm in magnitude 5. It can be seen from the previous studies of TCEs that an ideal method to improve the conductivity of TCE thin films is to limit the carrier concentration and increase the carrier mobility simultaneously 6. Nevertheless, until now, it is too difficult to improve the mobility to 10 3 cm 2 /V•s in magnitude by using the conventional TCE materials 6 : for example, transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), such as ITO, aluminum-zinc-oxide (AZO) 7 , gallium-zinc-oxide (GZO) 2. Their mobility will be limited as a result of carriers scattering when carrier concentration is greater than 10 20 cm −3 8 ; otherwise, nanowire networks such as Ag nanowire (Ag NW) 9 , carbon nanotube (CNT) 10 , whos...

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