Transparent Fused Nanowire Electrodes by Condensation Coefficient Modulation

Lee, Jaemin; Varagnolo, Silvia; Walker, Marc; Hatton, Ross A.

doi:10.1002/adfm.202005959

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…[121] To further simplify the fabrication of metal mesh, Hatton's group recently reported a new approach to the fabrication of metal meshes based on local modulation of the metal condensation coefficient. [168,141,169] Ag or Cu vapor had an extremely small condensation coefficient on films of some highly fluorinated organic compounds, such as trichloro(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)silane (FTS). When the FTS layer was prepared as a patterned film, Ag or Cu was selectively deposited on the region which was not covered by the highly fluorinated organic layer.…”

Section: Metal-based-flexible Transparent Electrodes Made Of Metal Meshesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the thermal evaporation, Ag selectively condensed onto the electrospun fibers, forming metal nano-networks. [141]…”

Section: Metal-based-flexible Transparent Electrodes Made Of Metal Meshesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Metal‐Based Flexible Transparent Electrodes: Challenges and Recent Advances

Zhang

Zheng

2021

Adv Elect Materials

100

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nanotubes [CNTs] and graphene), and metal-based materials are superior to ITO in the mechanical flexibility and the potential for roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacture. [16,17] Yet, a common drawback of FTEs made of conducting polymers, CNTs, and graphene is the inferior electrical conductivity. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Po l y ( 3 , 4 -e t h y l e n e d i o x y t h i o p h e n e )poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most widely used conducting polymers. PEDOT:PSS shows the lowest cost among various transparent electrode materials, [25] but the low intrinsic conductivity, poor environmental stability (upon exposure to high temperature, high humidity, or UV irradiation), and self-emission of blue/green tinge limit its applications in flexible optoelectronics. [1,26] Whereas individual CNT and graphene may exhibit excellent conductivity, thin films made of multijunctional assembly of these nanomaterials show high contact resistance at the junctions. [27,28] The surface defects and polycrystallinity of these carbon materials, which are difficult to eliminate, further decrease the conductivity. [28][29][30][31][32][33] On the other hand, metals possess the highest electrical conductivity among all kinds of materials. [34] Thin and surface-structured metal electrodes are optically transparent and mechanically flexible. The combinatorial attributes of high conductivity, tunable transmittance, and engineerable flexibility make metal-based materials the most promising candidates for FTEs. [3,35] To date, there are three major types of metal-based FTEs (m-FTEs), including ultrathin metal films, metal nanowire networks, and metal meshes. Each type of m-FTEs shows unique advantages and critical challenges toward large-scale applications as summarized in Figure 1.This article discusses the characteristics and major challenges of each type of m-FTEs, and reviews their research advances in recent years. It then discusses the ability to achieve scalable production of these m-FTEs from the point of view of materials choice and fabrication technology. Finally, it provides perspectives on the transition from lab study to industry fabrication of m-FTEs in the future. Metal-Based-Flexible Transparent Electrodes Made of Ultrathin Metal FilmsUltrathin and homogeneous metal (such as Ag, Au, Cu, or Al) films with a thickness of 10-20 nm exhibit good electrical Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with high optical transmittance, low sheet resistance, and high flexibility are critical and indispensable components of emerging flexible optoelectronic devices. Indium tin oxide (ITO), the major transparent conductive material used for optoelectronics nowadays, is not suitable for flexible applications because of its brittleness. In the past decade, researchers have developed a wide variety of new transparent conductive materials to replace ITO, among which metal-based FTEs (m-FTEs) including ultrathin metal films, metal nanowire networks, and metal meshes appear to be particularly promising. In this review, the authors summarize ...

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Section: Metal-based-flexible Transparent Electrodes Made Of Metal Meshesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the thermal evaporation, Ag selectively condensed onto the electrospun fibers, forming metal nano-networks. [141]…”

Section: Metal-based-flexible Transparent Electrodes Made Of Metal Meshesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Metal‐Based Flexible Transparent Electrodes: Challenges and Recent Advances

Zhang

Zheng

2021

Adv Elect Materials

100

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“…Haokun Wei, Yuanbo Zhang, Xinyu Zhang, Bingqiang Feng, Bing Zhou, Yanjun Zhao,* Guoqiang Zheng,* Kun Dai, Chuntai Liu, and Changyu Shen DOI: 10.1002/admt.202101638 as flexible solar cells, [1][2][3][4][5] light-emitting diodes, [6][7][8][9] supercapacitor, [10][11][12][13] touch panels, [14][15][16][17][18] heating films, [19][20][21][22][23] smart windows, [24][25][26][27] and so on. At present, the dominant FTCFs are usually fabricated by coating flexible transparent polymer film with a conductive layer composed of carbon materials (e.g., carbon black, carbon nanotubes, or graphene), [28][29][30] random metal nanowires, [31][32][33][34] or conductive polymers (e.g., poly(3,4-ethylenediox ythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)). [35,36] Unfortunately, aforementioned FTCFs based on these materials cannot be simultaneously endowed with balanced high transmittance and low sheet resistance, limiting their further application.…”

Section: Farming-inspired Continuous Fabrication Of Grating Flexible ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Farming‐Inspired Continuous Fabrication of Grating Flexible Transparent Film with Anisotropic Conductivity

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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Flexible transparent conductive films (FTCFs) are critically important for the emerging flexible electronic devices. To this end, FTCFs with conductive gratings have drawn more interests in the past decades. However, there are great challenges to fabricate such FTCFs containing conductive gratings in a facile way. Borrowing the idea from traditional farming, a homemade roll‐to‐roll plowing technique combined with blade coating is proposed to fabricate silver grating FTCFs with anisotropic conductivity in a continuous, cost‐effective, and environmental friendly way. The as‐prepared FTCFs exhibit satisfied optical and electrical properties (i.e., transmittance is 78.2% and sheet resistance is 3.1 Ω □–1). After coated with thin polyvinyl butyral layer through hot‐pressing, it shows a higher transmittance of 84.2% and remarkable mechanical flexibility. Based on the FTCFs with anisotropic conductivity, flexible transparent heater and capacitive keyboard are successfully fabricated. Furthermore, based on such flexible capacitive keyboard, smart wireless controlled human–machine interface system is developed to wirelessly control tablet personal computer working and quadrotor flying. This study provides a promising strategy to fabricate high‐performance FTCFs with anisotropic conductivity via a continuous, cost‐effective, and environmental friendly way.

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“…One option is Ag nanowire (AgNW), which has drawn attention as a stretchable electrode material. Numerous studies have stated that AgNW is suitable as a transparent stretchable electrode material since the first publication of the synthesis method, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] owing to its high optical-to-electrical conductivity ratio, mechanical flexibility, and solution processability. However, product developers still hesitate to use this material, primarily due to high manufacturing costs, low yields, poor stability, and low process reproducibility.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

UV‐Curable Adhesive Tape‐Assisted Patterning of Metal Nanowires for Ultrasimple Fabrication of Stretchable Pressure Sensor

Han

Kim

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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developed a variety of stretchable devices. Unfortunately, more than ten years have passed since this device concept was proposed, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] but the full-scale development of stretchable consumer products is still considered a distant objective. This is mainly because, unlike fundamental researches, low-cost fabrication, high yield, high device stability, and the highest level of reproducibility must be secured for product fabrication. One option is Ag nanowire (AgNW), which has drawn attention as a stretchable electrode material. Numerous studies have stated that AgNW is suitable as a transparent stretchable electrode material since the first publication of the synthesis method, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] owing to its high optical-to-electrical conductivity ratio, mechanical flexibility, and solution processability. However, product developers still hesitate to use this material, primarily due to high manufacturing costs, low yields, poor stability, and low process reproducibility. To apply the AgNW electrode to a stretchable device, a fine patterning of the AgNW electrode is first required. Second, solid adhesion to the stretchable substrate must be ensured to impart stretchability to the formed electrode so that these two conditions are achieved simultaneously. A well-known method for patterning AgNW electrodes is photolithography using a photoresist (PR) to make a barrier pattern and subsequent Ag etching. [17] This approach is not only complicated and expensive, but may also cause damage to neighboring materials other than Ag because of the use of highly acidic Ag etchants. Soft lithography that implements patterning by stamping unnecessary AgNWs [18] has a common disadvantage that fine patterning of complicated designs is difficult. Patterning using a high-energy pulsed light has the advantages of simplicity and convenience; however, it is very expensive to construct a power supply to implement a high-energy light source. [19,20] Moreover, materials other than AgNW could also be plasmonically heated, which could lead to undesired thermal issues. The laser ablation process also involves high processing costs and potential damage to neighboring materials, including the substrate; [21] the problem of removing laser-ablated NWs also remains. Laserinduced fabrication of silver micropatterns is not a patterning method of AgNW, [22,23] but it can be used to realize patterns with similar properties. Although it is possible to implement Ag nanowires (AgNWs) have been highlighted as a flexible or stretchable transparent electrode material. Contrary to general perception, AgNWs have not been used in earnest for product development with a flexible form factor because the patterning of an AgNW-based transparent electrode is complicated and costly, and its reproducibility and the possible pattern specifications are poor. Herein, a highly reproducible, practical patterning approach is developed that not only enables fine patterning down to 30 µm line width, but also enables complicated patterns. When t...

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Transparent Fused Nanowire Electrodes by Condensation Coefficient Modulation

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Metal‐Based Flexible Transparent Electrodes: Challenges and Recent Advances

Metal‐Based Flexible Transparent Electrodes: Challenges and Recent Advances

Farming‐Inspired Continuous Fabrication of Grating Flexible Transparent Film with Anisotropic Conductivity

UV‐Curable Adhesive Tape‐Assisted Patterning of Metal Nanowires for Ultrasimple Fabrication of Stretchable Pressure Sensor

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