Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains between different kinds of pig farms

Duijkeren, Engeline van; Ikawaty, Risma; Broekhuizen-Stins, M.J.; Jansen, Marc; Spalburg, Emile; Neeling, Albert J. de; Allaart, Janneke G.; Nes, A. van; Wagenaar, Jaap A.; Fluit, A.C.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.07.021

Cited by 191 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…All MRSA strains were of NT-MRSA type and closely related. Most strains were of spa-types identified previously as NT-MRSA and of the animal-related MLST type ST398 [11,28] and additional PFGE typing confirmed that all other spa-types were NT-MRSA. Two spa-types, t588 and t2741, were recovered from people but not pigs ; more spa-types were found in pigs than in human samples.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Use of antimicrobials in pig farming and consequences for MRSA in humans Antimicrobial selection pressure in general is one of the probable factors that have facilitated the emergence and spread of veterinary MRSA [28]. Antimicrobial consumption in pig farming in The Netherlands is substantial compared to other livestock farming [36].…”

Section: Impact Of Nt-mrsa In Dutch Health-care Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusin people living and working in pig farms

et al. 2008

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SUMMARYWe compared the prevalence of human and animal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at pig farms in The Netherlands, and related this to individual and farm-level characteristics. More than half of the farms investigated (28/50) had MRSA in pigs or stable dust and about one third (15/50) of person(s) were identified as MRSA carriers. Human carriage was found only on farms with MRSA-positive pigs or dust. MRSA strains in human samples were the same spa-type as found in pigs and all were not typable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (NT-MRSA). Multivariate analyses showed that risk factors for human MRSA carriage were: working in pig stables (OR 40,) and the presence of sows and finishing pigs (OR 9, 95 % CI 3-30). Veterinary sample collectors sampling the pigs showed transient MRSA carriage only during the day of the farm visit. Working in pig stables with MRSA-positive pigs poses a high risk for acquiring MRSA, increasingly so when contact with live pigs is more intensive or long lasting.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Impact Of Nt-mrsa In Dutch Health-care Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusin people living and working in pig farms

et al. 2008

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“…While early studies on farms and of meat identiied CC398 strains in animals, farm workers, and meat products [51,52], other studies also documented CC398 in populations with no obvious livestock contact [53][54][55]. The emergence of this strain was also reported in pigs and pig farmers in the Netherlands [22,56,57], Denmark [58], Germany [59], and Canada [60]. Detection rates of MRSA in breeding and production herds were 46%, 43.5%, and 40% in Spain, Germany, and Belgium, respectively, but no single strain of MRSA was found in Finland and Denmark in 2008 [61].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various farm types in the Netherlands were reported to have MRSA in 23-71% of their pigs, and it was especially high in farms with inishing pigs (pigs are almost ready to be sent to market) [49,57,64]. The presence of MRSA is dependent on pig production type and herd size and increases from 31 to 86% depending upon small-, medium-, and large-sized farms carrying <250, >500, and >1000 animals, respectively [45,62,64,65].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MRSA prevalence also varied with farm type, e.g., fatening and closed (farrow-to-inish) farms exhibited 94 and 56% MRSA, respectively [66]. Transportation from farm to slaughterhouse [38,67], lairage [38], national and international trade [57], and slaughter house employees all have been reported to enhance MRSA contamination and may play important roles in transmission of the bacteria [68]. It was proposed that MRSA contamination in piglets is dependent on the status of sows [69].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Food- Producing and Companion Animals and Food Products

Chon¹,

Sung²,

Khan³

2017

Frontiers in Staphylococcus Aureus

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a growing concern in companion and food-producing animals. The presence of multidrug-resistance with a wide range of extracellular enterotoxin genes, virulence factors, and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) cytotoxin genes confer life-threatening traits on MRSA and makes them highly pathogenic and diicult to treat. Clonal complex 398 (CC398), a predominant clonal lineage of livestock-associated-MRSA in domestic animals and retail meat, is capable of infecting humans. In order to monitor and prevent MRSA contamination, it is critical to understand its source and transmission dynamics. In this review, we describe MRSA in food-producing animals (pig, catle, chicken), horses, pet animals (dogs, cats), and food products (pork, beef, chicken, milk, and ish).

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Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus from yak

Zhao

Huang

Bai

et al. 2023

Food Safety and Health

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Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is an important zoonotic pathogen which not only causes significant economic loss in livestock production but also emerges as a potential threat to public health. Compared with bovines, the information on the colonization of S. aureus and MRSA in yaks, the only bovine species providing meat and other necessities for Tibetans living at high altitude, is very limited. Therefore, in the current study, S. aureus and MRSA prevalence, virulence genes, and antibiotic and antiseptic resistance properties in yaks from 18 counties of Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan province, China were investigated. The results revealed that the overall prevalence of S. aureus during yak breeding was 7.10% among 1281 samples (91/1281), containing 9.44% from nasal (62/657) and 4.65% from anus (29/624). Nearly all of the S. aureus isolates carried at least one staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) gene and the predominant enterotoxin gene was selx (51.65%).In addition, virulence genes (hlα, hlβ, pvl, and tsst-1), antiseptic resistance genes (qacA/ B, qacC, and qacG), and heavy metal resistance genes (copA, arsB, cadD, and arsA) were also found. Furthermore, 24 MRSA strains were identified. SCCmec, spa, and multilocus sequence typing typing revealed that the predominant types of MRSA were ST59-IVa-t437 and ST59-III-t437. It was noteworthy that all these methicillinresistant strains were resistant to two or more antibiotics and possessed virulence genes. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of antiseptic peroxyacetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, and benzalkonium bromide against these MRSA strains were measured and the MIC values of benzalkonium bromide (1.22-9.77 μg/mL) were relatively low. Furthermore, the challenge with 1/4 MIC of oxacillin sodium or ofloxacin or benzalkonium bromide for 216 h increased the resistance of the MRSA strain YB786 to these antibiotics but decreased the MIC value of benzalkonium bromide. The results provide an indication of the health risks associated with these S. aureus strains, especially methicillin-resistant strains from yaks and new approaches are needed to treat these strains.

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Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains between different kinds of pig farms

Cited by 191 publications

References 22 publications

Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusin people living and working in pig farms

Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusin people living and working in pig farms

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Food- Producing and Companion Animals and Food Products

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus from yak

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