Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus From Mothers to Infants

Ohto, Hitoshi; Terazawa, Sousuke; Sasaki, Norihiko; Sasaki, Nobutaka; Hino, Kunihiko; Ishiwata, Chieko; Kako, Makoto; Ujiie, Niro; Endo, Chikara; Matsui, Akira; Okamoto, Hiroaki; Mishiro, Shunji

doi:10.1097/00006254-199408000-00011

Cited by 47 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…In one study, pre-term delivery was quantitatively higher among anti-HCV positive women, but the difference was not statistically significant. 15 In the same series, Boxall, 1994 66 3,522 0.14 N/A Ohto, 1994 30 7,698 0.68 58 Marranconi, 1994 67 5,672 0.7 N/A Moriya, 1995 31 16,714 0.98 53 Zanetti, 1995 36 21,516 1.2 55 Manzini, 1995 68 5,000 0.7 ϳ70% Resti, 1998 27 25,654 the rate of Cesarean section was twice as high among anti-HCV positive women compared with the anti-HCV negative control group (statistically significant difference, P ϭ .004), and this higher rate was attributed in part to the policy of the investigators not to use fetal scalp blood sampling for fetal surveillance when fetal heart rate is abnormal in anti-HCV positive women.…”

Section: Issues Relating To Pregnancy and Chronic Hepatitis Cmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Numerous, but by no means all, 27,28 studies indicate that the higher the concentration of serum HCV RNA the more likely mother-to-infant transmission. 23,[29][30][31][32][33] In one study, a high viral level was defined as at least 2.5 ϫ 10 6 viral RNA copies per mL, 33 but in general, studies showing a correlation of HCV transmission with maternal viral load exhibited the effect at 10 5 to 10 6 copies per mL. Differences in when during the course of pregnancy maternal viral levels are tested may explain some of the conflicting observations on this point.…”

Section: Factors Correlating With Mother-to-infant Transmission Of Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Co-infection with HIV has consistently been associated with greater likelihood of transmitting HCV to the newborn infant. 24,30,[34][35][36][37][38] There was no increased rate of transmission of HCV to infants of HIV co-infected women in the large cohort reported by Conte et al, 28 but all of these mothers had received antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy, an observation which suggests that HIV infection in HIV/HCV co-infected women should be treated aggressively to reduce the risk of mother-to-infant HCV infection.…”

Section: Factors Correlating With Mother-to-infant Transmission Of Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus infection

2002

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Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is comparatively uncommon. The prevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) in pregnant women is 0.1% to 2.4%, although in some endemic areas it is much higher. The proportion of women with anti-HCV who have active infection with viremia is 60% to 70%. Transmission of HCV occurs only when serum HCV RNA is detectable and may be related to higher levels (above 10 6 copies per mL). M aternal and child health issues relating to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have recently assumed greater importance than ever before. From the pediatric perspective, the availability of effective screening methods for HCV has virtually eliminated new cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis C in children. Consequently, childhood acquisition of HCV infection through maternal-infant transmission has become the most important mode of spread. 1 Vertical, or more precisely, mother-to-infant hepatitis C will likely be the major type of childhood chronic hepatitis C within the next 6 to 8 years. It has been difficult to determine the rate of mother-to-infant transmission, partly because reports of mother-to-infant transmission of HCV have been based on small numbers of patients, with differing disease definitions, followed with different study designs and using different virological assays. These reports tended to be heterogeneous and conflicting. Moreover, factors that promote mother-to-infant transmission and the outcome of chronic HCV infection acquired by this route still require clarification. Likewise, for women of child-bearing age who acquired chronic hepatitis C in childhood or in early adulthood, there are important issues relating to pregnancy itself, such as its effect on the disease course of chronic hepatitis C. Prevalence of Hepatitis C Among Pregnant WomenNumerous studies have examined the prevalence of hepatitis C among pregnant women (Table 1). The studies vary considerably in terms of the size of the study, geographic variables, and adequacy of laboratory testing. In general, the prevalence of detectable antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) is approximately 1% overall (range, 0.1% to 2.4%), based on the studies that included at least 3,000 subjects. The mean Abbreviations: HCV, hepatitis C virus; anti-HCV, antibody to HCV; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.

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Section: Issues Relating To Pregnancy and Chronic Hepatitis Cmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Factors Correlating With Mother-to-infant Transmission Of Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Correlating With Mother-to-infant Transmission Of Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus infection

2002

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“…The diagnosis of HCV infection in a baby born to an HCV-infected mother should be based on HCV RNA detection with a sensitive technique rather than on anti-HCV detection, because antibodies are passively transferred in utero and remain detectable for several months to more than a year after delivery, regardless of whether viral transmission occurs. [46][47][48][49] When transmission does occur, HCV RNA can be detected a few days after delivery, or later on, and then persist or be cleared spontaneously. The frequency and timing of spontaneous clearance is unknown, but this outcome appears to be more frequent in newborns than in adults.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Hcv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronicity should be suspected if anti-HCV is still detectable at high titer after the first year of life; this can be confirmed by the detection of HCV RNA. [46][47][48][49] Diagnosis After Occupational Exposure. HCV RNA is detectable in serum within 1 to 2 weeks when accidental parenteral exposure results in infection.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Hcv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%