Transmission of Hepatitis A Virus through Combined Liver–Small Intestine–Pancreas Transplantation

Abstract

Vaccination of the donor might have prevented infection in the recipient and subsequent transmission to healthcare workers.

Common viral infections in kidney transplant recipients

“…Therefore, the HAV vaccine should be given prior to kidney transplantation. Moreover, the HAV can be transmitted through organ transplantation and reactivate after liver transplantation [80,81].…”

Vigilance for Medical Products of Human Origin—Progress on the Notify Library’s Global Effort to Share Information and Learning

“…Half of the 1207 records classified under “harm to a recipient” were cases of infection transmission, involving organs (324/604), tissues (124/604), blood (108/604), HPCs (35/604), reproductive tissues and cells (9/604), and other (4/604). New pathogens have been added in the adverse occurrence type taxonomy in recent years: hepatitis A virus (first reported transmission of hepatitis A virus through multivisceral transplantation 12 ), Talaromyces (first reported case of presumptive donor-derived Talaromyces marneffei infection through bilateral lung transplantation 13 ), Borna virus (first report of donor-derived Borna disease virus 1 through kidneys and liver transplantation 14 ), and Japanese Encephalitis virus (first reported case of transfusion-transmitted Japanese Encephalitis virus 15 ). Cases of malignancy transmission included in the database account for 20.5% (247/1207) of the records, followed by immunological complications (205/1207; eg, ABO detrimental immunization or rejection in solid organ transplantation, acute or delayed hemolytic reactions after blood transfusion), miscellaneous complications (111/1207; eg, graft failure, dimethyl sulfoxide toxicity, undue exposure to risk or intervention, transfusion-associated circulatory overload), and noninfectious/nonmalignant transmissions (40/1207; eg, transmission of hypersensitivity or allergy by solid organ transplantation, transmission of alopecia areata or autoimmune thyroid disease following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation).…”

Innate Immunity to Enteric Hepatitis Viruses

“…With only very rare exceptions, HAV infection causes only short-term, acute liver injury. Fecal shedding of virus and viremia (both detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) may be prolonged for months in infected neonates and severely immunocompromised liver transplant recipients (Rosenblum et al 1991;Foster et al 2017), but such reports are very rare in the literature. The replication of wild-type HAV does not cause cytopathic effects in vitro or in vivo (Daemer et al 1981;Binn et al 1984;Hirai-Yuki et al 2016a), and the disease is thought to be mediated by the host immune response to the virus (see Shin and Jeong 2018).…”