Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in an Urban Slum, Brazil

Anjos, Rosângela O.; Mugabe, Vánio André; Moreira, Patrícia S.S.; Carvalho, Caroline Xavier; Portilho, Moyra Machado; Khouri, Ricardo; Sacramento, Gielson Almeida do; Nery, Nívison; Reis, Mitermayer Galvão dos; Kitron, Uriel; Ko, Albert I.; Costa, Federico; Ribeiro, Guilherme S.

doi:10.3201/eid2607.190846

Cited by 23 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For example, Hagan et al[ 6 ], in a four-year cohort study in Salvador reported proximity to accumulated trash and rat sightings as risk factors for leptospirosis (see also Fig D in S1 File ). Chikungunya infection in Salvador is also higher in households without paved access [ 32 ]. Here, though, neither of these factors was related to exposure and sero-prevalence in the SEM, but were themselves driven by sanitation and physical environment near the household.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty, sanitation, and Leptospira transmission pathways in residents from four Brazilian slums

et al. 2021

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Residents of urban slums suffer from a high burden of zoonotic diseases due to individual, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. We conducted a cross-sectional sero-survey in four urban slums in Salvador, Brazil, to characterize how poverty and sanitation contribute to the transmission of rat-borne leptospirosis. Sero-prevalence in the 1,318 participants ranged between 10.0 and 13.3%. We found that contact with environmental sources of contamination, rather than presence of rat reservoirs, is what leads to higher risk for residents living in areas with inadequate sanitation. Further, poorer residents may be exposed away from the household, and ongoing governmental interventions were not associated with lower transmission risk. Residents at higher risk were aware of their vulnerability, and their efforts improved the physical environment near their household, but did not reduce their infection chances. This study highlights the importance of understanding the socioeconomic and environmental determinants of risk, which ought to guide intervention efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty, sanitation, and Leptospira transmission pathways in residents from four Brazilian slums

et al. 2021

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“…Chikungunya virus has re-emerged in many parts of the world and is considered to be a continuous global threat [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. The reason for this resurgence is not fully elucidated, but is believed to be multifactorial, such as increased vector susceptibility and perhaps climate change [ 6 , 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikungunya Manifestations and Viremia in Patients Who Presented to the Fever Clinic at Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases during the 2019 Outbreak in Thailand

et al. 2021

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Chikungunya virus is an Alphavirus belonging to the family Togaviridae that is transmitted to humans by an infected Aedes mosquito. Patients develop fever, inflammatory arthritis, and rash during the acute stage of infection. Although the illness is self-limiting, atypical and severe cases are not uncommon, and 60% may develop chronic symptoms that persist for months or even for longer durations. Having a distinct periodical epidemiologic outbreak pattern, chikungunya virus reappeared in Thailand in December 2018. Here, we describe a cohort of acute chikungunya patients who had presented to the Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases during October 2019. Infection was detected by a novel antigen kit and subsequently confirmed by real-time RT-PCR using serum collected at presentation to the Fever Clinic. Other possible acute febrile illnesses such as influenza, dengue, and malaria were excluded. We explored the sequence of clinical manifestations at presentation during the acute phase and associated the viral load with the clinical findings. Most of the patients were healthy individuals in their forties. Fever and arthralgia were the predominant clinical manifestations found in this patient cohort, with a small proportion of patients with systemic symptoms. Higher viral loads were associated with arthralgia, and arthralgia with the involvement of the large joints was more common in female patients.

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“…Chikungunya virus has re-emerged in many parts of the world and is considered to be a continuous global threat (32,(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53). The reason for this resurgence is not fully elucidated, but is believed to be multifactorial, such as increased vector susceptibility and perhaps climate change (6,54,55).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikungunya Manifestations and Viremia in Patients Who Presented to the Fever Clinic at Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases During the 2019 Outbreak in Thailand

Imad¹,

Phadungsombat²,

Nakayama³

et al. 2020

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Chikungunya virus is an Alphavirus belonging to the family Togaviridae that is transmitted to humans by an infected Aedes mosquito. Patients develop fever, inflammatory arthritis, and rash during the acute stage of infection. Although the illness is self-limiting, atypical and severe cases are not uncommon, and 60% may develop chronic symptoms that persist for months or even for longer durations. Having a distinct periodical epidemiologic outbreak pattern, chikungunya virus reappeared in Thailand in December 2018. Here, we describe a cohort of acute chikungunya patients who had presented to the Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases during October 2019. Infection was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR using serum collected at presentation to the Fever Clinic. Other possible acute febrile illnesses such as influenza, dengue, and malaria were excluded. We explored the sequence of clinical manifestations at presentation during the acute phase and associated the viral load with the clinical findings. Most of the patients were healthy individuals in their forties. Fever and arthralgia were the predominant clinical manifestations found in this patient cohort, with a small proportion of patients with systemic symptoms. Higher viral loads were associated with arthralgia, and arthralgia with the involvement of the large joints was more common in female patients

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Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in an Urban Slum, Brazil

Cited by 23 publications

References 41 publications

Poverty, sanitation, and Leptospira transmission pathways in residents from four Brazilian slums

Poverty, sanitation, and Leptospira transmission pathways in residents from four Brazilian slums

Chikungunya Manifestations and Viremia in Patients Who Presented to the Fever Clinic at Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases during the 2019 Outbreak in Thailand

Chikungunya Manifestations and Viremia in Patients Who Presented to the Fever Clinic at Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases During the 2019 Outbreak in Thailand

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