Transmission microscopy of unmodified biological materials. Comparative radiation dosages with electrons and ultrasoft X-ray photons

Sayre, D.; Kirz, Janos; Feder, R.; Kim, D.M.; Spiller, Eberhard

doi:10.1016/s0304-3991(76)91997-5

Cited by 155 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…TEM imaging with EELS can be used to characterize carbon content of particles, but its limited energy resolution precludes detailed analysis of carbon bonding (Katrinak et al, 1992). Furthermore, high-energy electrons used in TEM and SEM may induce changes in chemical bonding (Braun et al, 2009;Egerton et al, 2004;Sayre et al, 1977). These methods produce elegant images and elemental compositions for high-Z elements, but provide little information about chemical bonding or oxidation states for carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.…”

Section: R C Moffet Et Al: Microscopic Characterization Of Carbonamentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic characterization of carbonaceous aerosol particle aging in the outflow from Mexico City

et al. 2010

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Abstract. This study was part of the Megacities Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) field campaign conducted in Mexico City metropolitan area during spring 2006. The physical and chemical transformations of particles aged in the outflow from Mexico City were investigated for the transport event of 22 March 2006. A detailed chemical analysis of individual particles was performed using a combination of complementary microscopy and micro-spectroscopy techniques. The applied techniques included scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) coupled with near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) and computer controlled scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (CCSEM/EDX). As the aerosol plume evolves from the city center, the organic mass per particle increases and the fraction of carbon-carbon double bonds (associated with elemental carbon) decreases. Organic functional groups enhanced with particle age include: carboxylic acids, alkyl groups, and oxygen bonded alkyl groups. At the city center (T0) the most prevalent aerosol type contained inorganic species (composed of sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and potassium) coated with organic material. At the T1 and T2 sites, located northeast of T0 (∼29 km and ∼65 km, respectively), the fraction of homogenously mixed organic particles increased in both Correspondence to: M. K. Gilles (mkgilles@lbl.gov) size and number. These observations illustrate the evolution of the physical mixing state and organic bonding in individual particles in a photochemically active environment.

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Section: R C Moffet Et Al: Microscopic Characterization Of Carbonamentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic characterization of carbonaceous aerosol particle aging in the outflow from Mexico City

et al. 2010

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“…We note that ptychography can be performed with reduced detector sampling, though at a cost of image fidelity (Edo et al, 2013) or of finer real-space sampling (Batey et al, 2014;da Silva & Menzel, 2015) which effectively corresponds to larger values of the overlap factor o discussed below. Achieving high resolution in ptychography requires the detection of scattering out to large angles, which is determined in part by the specimen's optical properties at the chosen X-ray wavelength and the number of photons N 0 used to illuminate each pixel (Glaeser, 1971;Sayre et al, 1977;Schropp & Schroer, 2010). While high resolution can also be aided by having high-spatial-frequency content in the illuminating beam if a larger focal spot (larger value of G p ) is used (Guizar-Sicairos et al, 2012), we assume that the dominating factor is the required photon density per area, F 0 = N 0 = 2 , independent of the ptychographic spatial resolution gain G p .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for high-throughput focused-beam ptychography

Jacobsen

Deng

Nashed

2017

J Synchrotron Radiat

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X-ray ptychography is being utilized for a wide range of imaging experiments with a resolution beyond the limit of the X-ray optics used. Introducing a parameter for the ptychographic resolution gain G p (the ratio of the beam size over the achieved pixel size in the reconstructed image), strategies for data sampling and for increasing imaging throughput when the specimen is at the focus of an X-ray beam are considered. The tradeoffs between large and small illumination spots are examined.

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“…The specimen holder was placed 25 mm away from the laser plasma x-ray source and the photon numbers on the specimens were estimated to be 5.3  10 4 photons/m 2 . Expected spatial resolution with the photon number was estimated to be about 150 nm [17]. In this estimation the transmissions of a 200-nm-thick Si 3 N 4 membrane and 10-m-thick water layer were considered.…”

Section: Observation Of Wet Leydig Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Organelles in Leydig Cells by Contact Soft X-Ray Microscopy with a Laser Plasma X-Ray Source

Kado¹,

Ishino²,

Tamotsu³

et al. 2011

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Transmission microscopy of unmodified biological materials. Comparative radiation dosages with electrons and ultrasoft X-ray photons

Cited by 155 publications

References 13 publications

Microscopic characterization of carbonaceous aerosol particle aging in the outflow from Mexico City

Microscopic characterization of carbonaceous aerosol particle aging in the outflow from Mexico City

Strategies for high-throughput focused-beam ptychography

Observation of Organelles in Leydig Cells by Contact Soft X-Ray Microscopy with a Laser Plasma X-Ray Source

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