Transmission electron microscopy of the epithelium of distal airways and pulmonary parenchyma of the goat lung

Kahwa, C.K.B; Atwal, O. S.; Purton, Mary

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(97)90157-0

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The exact function of microvilli in the epithelium of the vocal folds and other tissues including the cornea and airway remain elusive. It has been hypothesized that these structures promote fluid spreading and adherence (Kahwa, Atwal, & Purton, 1997) and facilitate the absorption of water and other nutrients (Beuerman & Pedroza, 1996). In addition, these structures may perform a unique function in the vocal folds by providing traction during vibration (Gray, 2000).…”

Section: Structure Of the Vocal Fold Epithelial Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Vocal Fold Epithelial Barrier in Health and Injury: A Research Review

Levendoski

Leydon

Thibeault

2014

J Speech Lang Hear Res

116

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Purpose Vocal fold epithelium is composed of layers of individual epithelial cells joined by junctional complexes constituting a unique interface with the external environment. This barrier provides structural stability to the vocal folds and protects underlying connective tissue from injury while being nearly continuously exposed to potentially hazardous insults including environmental or systemic-based irritants such as pollutants and reflux, surgical procedures, and vibratory trauma. Small disruptions in the epithelial barrier may have a large impact on susceptibility to injury and overall vocal health. The purpose of this article is to provide a broad-based review of our current knowledge of the vocal fold epithelial barrier. Methods A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted. Details of the structure of the vocal fold epithelial barrier are presented and evaluated in the context of function in injury and pathology. The importance of the epithelial-associated vocal fold mucus barrier is also introduced. Results/Conclusions Information presented in this review is valuable for clinicians and researchers as it highlights the importance of this understudied portion of the vocal folds to overall vocal health and disease. Prevention and treatment of injury to the epithelial barrier is a significant area awaiting further investigation.

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Section: Structure Of the Vocal Fold Epithelial Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Vocal Fold Epithelial Barrier in Health and Injury: A Research Review

Levendoski

Leydon

Thibeault

2014

J Speech Lang Hear Res

116

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“…The presence of lipid bodies in type II pneumocytes of several species has occasionally been reported. So far, lipid bodies have been described by means of TEM in type II pneumocytes of the human (Dvorak et al, 1992; Fehrenbach et al, 1998), dog (Barkett et al, 1969; Modry and Chiu, 1979), pig (Fehrenbach et al, 1991), goat (Atwal and Sweeny, 1971; Kahwa et al, 1997), ferret (Miller et al, 1982), guinea pig (Valdivia et al, 1966), and opossum lung (Krause et al, 1976) under normal and pathological conditions. In the first report on lipid bodies in type II pneumocytes, Valdivia et al (1966) described their appearance in guinea pigs exposed to severe hypoxia and suggested that this fatty change might represent a metabolic alteration interfering with surfactant synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurence of lipid bodies in canine type II pneumocytes during hypothermic lung ischemia

Ochs¹,

Fehrenbach²,

Richter³

2004

Anat. Rec.

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Type II pneumocytes defend the pulmonary alveolus by synthesis and secretion of surfactant and by contributing to alveolar epithelial regeneration. Lipid bodies are regarded as intracellular domains for the synthesis of eicosanoid mediators that can be induced by inflammatory stimuli. The aim of the present study was to establish whether hypothermic ischemic lung storage without further preservation measures leads to an induction of lipid body formation in canine type II pneumocytes. The lungs of 18 dogs were fixed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) immediately after cardiac arrest (six double lungs) and after ischemic storage in Tutofusin solution at 4°C for 20 min, 4 hr, 8 hr, and 12 hr (six single lungs, respectively). Type II pneumocytes were analyzed qualitatively by conventional TEM (CTEM) and quantitatively by stereology. The relative phosphorus content of surfactant containing lamellar bodies, lipid bodies, and intermediate forms was investigated by energyfiltering TEM (EFTEM). By CTEM, lipid bodies as well as forms intermediate between lipid bodies and lamellar bodies were already noted in the control group but were more pronounced in the ischemia groups. Beginning at 20 min of ischemic storage, a significant increase in the volume density of lipid bodies was noted in the ischemic groups as compared to the control group. By EFTEM, the highest intracellular phosphorus signals were recorded over lamellar bodies and lamellar areas of intermediate forms in all experimental groups, while lipid bodies and homogeneous areas of intermediate forms did not show a clear phosphorus signal. These results indicate that the formation of lipid bodies in canine type II pneumocytes is induced early during ischemic lung storage. Anat Rec Part A 277A: 287-297, 2004.

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“…Kahwa et al. (1997) consider that information on the morphological features and cell differentiation of the distal airways is essential before pathological lesions due to disease processes can be interpreted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More work is required on these functional aspects, including in vivo and in vitro experiments, which measure bacterial clearance at different time intervals. Kahwa et al (1997) consider that information on the morphological features and cell differentiation of the distal airways is essential before pathological lesions due to disease processes can be interpreted. Although morphologically the brushtail possum has a poor mucociliary defence, it would be unwise to extrapolate this to infer that the lung of the possum is more susceptible to infection with M. bovis than other species, without further pathophysiological investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the lung of the brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula

Cooke

Alley

2002

Journal of Anatomy

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The developing lung of the brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula , was studied by light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the conducting airways in the adult. Bronchi did not extend beyond the hilus of each of the six lobes of the lung, and lobules were supplied by major bronchioles.By 105 days post partum, bronchi and bronchioles were fully formed, coinciding with the emergence of mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), which preceded alveolar maturation by approximately 20 days. In the adult lung, goblet cells were rarely observed in the mucosal epithelium of bronchi, whereas Clara cells were present in the mucosa of all airways, increasing proportionately as the conducting and respiratory portions narrowed distally.Although the airways of the possum lung have a poorly developed mucociliary blanket, this may be compensated for by the large numbers of Clara cells and adequate supply of MALT.

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Transmission electron microscopy of the epithelium of distal airways and pulmonary parenchyma of the goat lung

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Vocal Fold Epithelial Barrier in Health and Injury: A Research Review

Vocal Fold Epithelial Barrier in Health and Injury: A Research Review

Occurence of lipid bodies in canine type II pneumocytes during hypothermic lung ischemia

Development of the lung of the brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula

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