Transmission-electron microscopic observations of freeze-etched polyacrylamide gels

Rüchel, R.; Steere, Russell L.; Erbe, Eric F.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)95641-3

Cited by 102 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…(1993) concluded that the point at which the discontinuous volume collapse occurs should be determined primarily by specific interactions between the network polymer and the acetone/water mixture, and that the specific chemical properties of the network chains remain similar (at constant composition) as the %T changes. RUchel et al (1978) examined structures of acrylamide-based hydrogels by transmission-electron microscopy of freeze-etched specimens. Influences were investigated of%T, mole fraction crosslinking monomer, use of different crosslinkers and the catalyst concentration.…”

Section: Hydrophobic and Model Network Prepared In Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies include swelling investigations (Geissler et al, 1988;Hasa and Janacek,· 1967;Janacek and Hasa, 1966;Oppermann et al, 1985;Katayama et aI., 1993;Ilavsky and Hrouz, 1983;Hooper et aI.. 1990), analyses of microstructure via electron microscopy (RUchel et al. 1978) and light scattering (Geissler et al, 1988), and investigations of mechanical properties (Geissler et al, 1988;Hasa and Janacek, 1967;Janacek and Rasa, 1966;Oppermann et aI., 1985;Ilavsky and Hrouz, 1983).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Initial Total Monomer Concentration on the Swelling Behavior of Cationic Acrylamide-Based Hydrogels

Baker¹,

Hong²,

Blanch³

et al. 1994

Macromolecules

192

123

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The aqueous equilibrium swelling properties of a series of lightly-cross-linked cationic hydrogels based on acrylamide and [ (methacrylamido)propylj trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC) were measured as a function of initial total monomer concentration % T (w/v) and ionic strength. Swelling is a strong decreasing function of rising % T; the 10 % T hydrogel obtained a 17-fold larger swelling ratio (g of swollen hydrogel/g of dry hydrogel) in pure water compared to the 40 % T hydrogel. Good agreement is obtained between measured swelling equilibria in aqueous sodium chloride and that calculated from a Flory-type swelling model including ideal Donnan equilibria provided that an adjustable parameter is introduced into the swelling model for hydrogels in pure water. The experimental results presented here indicate that networkchain interpenetration increases with rising % T.

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Section: Hydrophobic and Model Network Prepared In Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Initial Total Monomer Concentration on the Swelling Behavior of Cationic Acrylamide-Based Hydrogels

Baker¹,

Hong²,

Blanch³

et al. 1994

Macromolecules

192

123

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“…The· heterogeneity of hydrogels synthesized via free-radical copolymerization has been confirmed by various studies (see, for example, Weiss et al, 1979;Hecht et aI., 1985;RUchel et al, 1978;Cohen et al, 1992). According to Flory (1953), gel heterogeneity is a consequence of free-radical polymerization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Popcorn-polymer formation during hydrogel synthesis

Baker

Blanch

Prausnitz

1995

Polymer Gels and Networks

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“…However, an increase in the AA concentration not only decreased the leaching of encapsulated molecules, but also decreased the molecular release after irradiation. This is because increasing the AA concentration decreased the mesh size of the gel, 19) thereby decreasing both the leaching and the release of encapsulated molecules from the gel. The release of molecules from the mesh structure of the gel requires appropriately sized gaps; it was difficult to form such gaps at high AA concentrations, because numerous cleavage reactions were required.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Molecular Leaching from a Gel Matrix for the Precisely Controlled Release of Encapsulated Molecules by Light Stimulus

Amamoto

Santa

Kato

2014

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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We have developed a general method for controlling molecular functions using a photodegradable hydrogel; gels containing molecules made from such materials are capable of release and activation by light stimulus. As the elimination of molecular leaching from the gel before irradiation was a barrier to the precise control of molecular function, we optimized the monomer used in gel preparation during this study. The addition of N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBAA) inhibited molecular leaching from the gel; the MBAA concentration is a critical factor in controlling the leaching of encapsulated molecules. We succeeded in preparing a gel that halved the leaching of small encapsulated molecules, while the leaching of large molecules, such as albumin (66 kDa) and ferritin (450 kDa), was at negligible levels, or disappeared. The on/off ratios (released amount/leached amount) of albumin and ferritin were 8 and 17, respectively.

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Transmission-electron microscopic observations of freeze-etched polyacrylamide gels

Cited by 102 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of Initial Total Monomer Concentration on the Swelling Behavior of Cationic Acrylamide-Based Hydrogels

Effect of Initial Total Monomer Concentration on the Swelling Behavior of Cationic Acrylamide-Based Hydrogels

Popcorn-polymer formation during hydrogel synthesis

Reduction of Molecular Leaching from a Gel Matrix for the Precisely Controlled Release of Encapsulated Molecules by Light Stimulus

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