Transmission Efficiency of Papaya ringspot virus by Three Aphid Species

Abstract

The transmission efficiency of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) by three aphid vectors (i.e., Aphis gossypii, A. craccivora, and Myzus persicae) was studied. Efficiency was measured by single-aphid inoculation, group inoculation (using five aphids), duration of virus retention, and the number of plants following a single acquisition access period (AAP) to which the aphids could successfully transmit the virus. Single-aphid inoculation studies indicated that M. persicae (56%) and A. gossypii (53%) were significantly more efficient in transmitting PRSV than A. craccivora (38%). Further, in the former two species, the time required for initiation of the first probe on the inoculation test plant was significantly shorter compared to A. craccivora. PRSV transmission efficiency was 100% in all three species when a group of five aphids were used per plant. There was a perceptible decline in transmission efficiency as the sequestration period increased, although M. persicae successfully transmitted PRSV after 30 min of sequestration. A simple leaf-disk assay technique was employed for evaluating the transmission efficiency of three species of aphids. The results of leaf-disk assays also indicated that A. gossypii (48%) and M. persicae (56%) were more efficient PRSV vectors than A. craccivora. Using leaf-disk assays, the ability of individual aphids to inoculate PRSV serially to a number of plants was studied. Following a single AAP on an infected leaf, M. persicae was more efficient than the other two species with 52.5% transmission after the first inoculation access period (IAP). However, its inoculation efficiency significantly decreased with the second and subsequent IAPs. A. gossypii was able to transmit PRSV sequentially up to four successive leaf disks, but with significantly declining efficiency. Since A. gossypii is reported to be the numerically dominant vector in south India in addition to being a more efficient vector capable of inoculating PRSV to multiple plants, it should be the target vector for control strategies.

Plant to Plant Movement

“…For example, to assess the transmission efficiency of PRSV by three aphid species two procedures were used (Kalleshwaraswamy and Kumar, 2008). For example, to assess the transmission efficiency of PRSV by three aphid species two procedures were used (Kalleshwaraswamy and Kumar, 2008).…”

Induction of systemic resistance againstPapaya ring spot virus(PRSV) and its vectorMyzus persicaebyPenicillium simplicissimumGP17-2 and silica (Sio2) nanopowder

“…Aphid inoculation was carried out according to Kalleshwaraswamy and Kumar (2008) with some modifications. Aphids (Myzus persicae) were collected and reared on Chinese cabbage, Brassica rapa chinensis, for proliferate under an insect proof cage in a controlled rearing chamber 26 § 1 C and 12:12 L: D photoperiod.…”

“…PRSV has many insect vectors, one of the most important vectors is the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Homoptera, Aphididae) (Vimla & Devendra 2010). This virus could be transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent manner (Kalleshwaraswamy & Kumar 2008). This type of transmission is generally distinguished by a short acquisition access period (AAP) of a few seconds to minutes, and there is no exist for the distinct latent period, and a short inoculation access period (IAP).…”

Presencia de Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) en arvenses asociadas a Carica papaya en Colima, México

“…In some cases, weeds are interspersed with plants in the form of tramp crops. However, it is very important to ensure that such weeds are not virus hosts that attract possible vectors like aphids that contribute to the rapid spread of the virus (Kalleshwaraswamy and Kumar, 2008). Overall, the sampled papaya plants showed mosaic, leaf deformation, oily stains in the stem and ring-like spots in fruit, all of them characteristic symptoms of PRSV (Figure 1).…”