Transmission dynamics of foot and mouth disease in selected outbreak areas of northwest Ethiopia

Tadesse, Belege; Molla, Wassie; Mengsitu, A.; Jemberu, Wudu T.

doi:10.1017/s0950268819000803

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…During this time huge numbers of domestic animals are kept on confined small plots of communal grazing lands that could favor occurrence and transmission of the disease (Aman, 2018). For example, according to Tadesse et al (2019) study outbreak of FMD was occurred in Estie district of amhara region starting at the end of Jully and the outbreak stays up to December, the same study also reported that the outbreak of FMD was occurred at Enfranz in Godar Zuria district with the period from November to February.…”

Section: Status Of Fmd In Ethiopiamentioning

confidence: 84%

Review on the Epidemiology and Economic Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease in Ethiopia

Tesfaye¹

2020

Agric. J.

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Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is the most contagious, acute and economically important transboundary animal disease affecting cloven hoofed wild and domestic animals. It is caused by a virus that belongs to the genus aphthovirus of the family picornaviridae. There are seven recognized serotypes of FMD (O, A, C, Asia1, SAT1, SAT2 and SAT3) which differ in distribution across the world. It becomes endemic in Ethiopia and leads a great economic loss in the livestock's sector. Therefore, the objective of this study is to review the epidemiology and economic impact of FMD in Ethiopia. The seroprevalence, temporal, serotype and regional distribution, topotypes present, the direct and indirect economic impacts of FMD in Ethiopia are reviewed in this seminar paper. Foot and mouth disease outbreaks are occurred in Ethiopia every year and reported from all regions of the country. However, most of the outbreaks are reported from central, Southern and Southeastern part of Ethiopia associated with the movement of animals for trade, agro ecology, animal density and production system of the community. These outbreaks of FMD results in huge economic loss directly due to production losses and indirectly due to export restriction, control and prevention costs. Therefore, the epidemiology of the serotypes present should be studied in detail. This helps to develop a vaccine which is effective to all the serotypes present in Ethiopia. Control of animal's movement should be strengthened to limit spreading of serotypes.

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Section: Status Of Fmd In Ethiopiamentioning

confidence: 84%

Review on the Epidemiology and Economic Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease in Ethiopia

Tesfaye¹

2020

Agric. J.

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“…We determined R sd using the time doubling method as the selection method for typical field situations in which information is incomplete or unavailable for tracing disease ( 25 ). Furthermore, as we determined R sd , there is a limitation to compare disease spread with other studies globally, which estimated transmission at the individual or herd level ( 18 , 40 , 41 ) or those estimating transmission in a completely susceptible population ( R 0 ) ( 19 , 21 , 42 ). Still, our study represents an estimate based on field conditions and outbreaks—recording limitations that can resemble other countries with similar constraints.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The understanding of FMD transmission dynamics in cattle populations has proven to be useful at the time to control outbreaks and epidemics (17)(18)(19)(20)(21). The estimation of the basic reproductive number (R 0 ) is an essential first step toward disease control and surveillance to understand pathogen dissemination (22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Thailand, data at the subdistrict level are compiled and recorded; however, individual farm records tend to be missed ( 27 ). Nevertheless, different methods have been described to obtain robust estimates of FMD transmissibility, involving the nearest infectious neighbor, the susceptible and infectious modeling, and the epidemic doubling time method in which aggregated data can be analyzed ( 21 , 25 , 28 ). In Thailand, to the best of our knowledge, there was no report on the estimation of basic or effective reproductive number for FMD outbreaks in cattle, resulting in a gap in the knowledge of FMD transmissibility that limits the information needed for its control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subdistrict-Level Reproductive Number for Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle in Northern Thailand

Arjkumpa¹,

Picasso-Risso

Pérez

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an important contagious transboundary disease that causes a significant economic loss for several countries. The FMD virus (FMDV) can spread very rapidly by direct and indirect transmission among susceptible animals. The complexity and magnitude of FMDV transmission at the initial stages of the epidemic can be expressed by the basic reproductive number (R0), and furthermore, control strategies can be assessed by the estimation of the effective reproductive number. In this study, we aimed to describe FMD outbreaks among smallholder cattle farms by subdistricts in the northern Thailand and compute the effective reproductive number for outbreaks caused by FMDV serotype O and overall serotypes, including serotype O, serotype A, and unidentified serotype, at the subdistrict level (Rsd) using an epidemic doubling time method. Field data of FMD outbreaks during 2015–2017 that affected 94 subdistricts in northern Thailand were assessed to estimate the Rsd. Results showed that 63.38% (90/142) of the FMD outbreak episodes in cattle were caused by FMDV serotype O. The average doubling time and the Rsd estimated of the outbreaks caused by FMDV serotype O and overall serotype were 2.80 and 4.67 months, and 1.06 and 1.04, respectively. Our results indicated that transmission of FMD in cattle at the subdistrict level in northern Thailand was not controlled (Rsd > 1), which indicates the endemicity of the disease in the region. Although control measures are in place, the results from this study highlighted the need for enhancing FMD monitoring and control strategies in northern Thailand.

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“…The reproduction number has been largely used to estimate the transmission potential of FMD during outbreaks (Arjkumpa et al, 2021; Colenutt et al, 2020; Estrada et al, 2008; Ferguson et al, 2001; Keeling, 2005; Muroga et al, 2012; Perez et al, 2004a; Tadesse et al, 2019). The basic reproduction number ( R 0 ), is often used to estimate the spreading capacity of an infectious agent newly introduced to a totally susceptible population, briefly, it represents the number of secondary infections caused by a single case in that population (Anderson & May, 1995; Delamater et al, 2019; Dietz, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing epidemiological parameters and dissemination characteristics of the 2000 and 2001 foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Costa

Cobellini

Cárdenas

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Since 1998 the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, has been free of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) with yearly mandatory vaccination, until the 2000 and 2001 reintroductions. This study gathers data from both outbreaks including official veterinary state service archives and field investigation reports to quantify epidemiological parameters such as epidemic duration, number of secondary infected farms and animals, and estimate the epidemic rate of growth. We apply a Bayesian latent variable approach to estimate the time-varying reproduction number and calculate new confirmed cases by infection date. Additionally, we utilized between-farm animal movements to reconstruct possible FMD transmission and characteristics of spread over the current at-risk population, by incorporating bovine movement data from 2018 to 2020 as standard to benchmark infected network parameters. The results were consistent with the reports generated by the official investigation of the outbreaks and the models and results presented in this study may be useful for assessing the transmission dynamics and support control measures in the future.

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Transmission dynamics of foot and mouth disease in selected outbreak areas of northwest Ethiopia

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Review on the Epidemiology and Economic Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease in Ethiopia

Review on the Epidemiology and Economic Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease in Ethiopia

Subdistrict-Level Reproductive Number for Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle in Northern Thailand

Assessing epidemiological parameters and dissemination characteristics of the 2000 and 2001 foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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