Transmethylation reactions in bacterial lipids

Law, John H.; Zalkin, Howard; Kaneshiro, Tsuneo

doi:10.1016/0926-6542(63)90023-4

Cited by 29 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Cig and C21 cyclopropane fatty acids were found in Rhodomicrobium, but the positions of the methylene groups were not established because of the small amounts of these groups. It may be assumed, however, that the cyclopropane rings are derived from the methyl group of methionine, and from 11-octadecenoic and 13eicosenoic acid (17,22,26). Gas-liquid chromatographs of nonpolar fatty acids of the bound lipids on polar (A, C) and nonpolar (B) columns at different temperatures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acids of Extractable and Bound Lipids of Rhodomicrobium vannielii

Park

Berger

1967

J Bacteriol

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Cells of Rhodomicrobium vannielii grown at 29 C in a lactate-containing medium were extracted at room temperature with organic solvents. The extractable fraction contained the bulk of the simple lipid (1.87% of cell dry weight) and complex lipids (phospholipids, 4.2%; sulfolipid, 0.01%), coenzyme Q (0.09%), and pigments (carotenoids 1.2%; bacteriochlorophyll, 1.9%). The cell residue contained the bound lipids (nonpolar fatty acid fraction, 1.86%; polar hydroxy fatty acids, 0.49%). The residue also contained poly-(3-hydroxybutyric acid (0.2%), which was extracted in boiling chloroform. In both the simple and complex lipids, vaccenic acid (l-octadecenoic acid) was the largest single component (approximately 90% in each fraction). The fatty acids of the bound lipid contained 35% vaccenic acid, even-and odd-numbered saturated and unsaturated straight-chain fatty acids, cyclopropane-, branched-, and a-and (3-hydroxy fatty acids. The extractable lipids contained only straight-chain saturated and unsaturated even-numbered fatty acids. Nearly 60% of hydroxy fatty acid fraction was a-hydroxydodecanoic acid (24%) and ,B-hydroxydodecanoic acid (34.5%). Coenzyme Q was crystallized and identified as Qg on the basis of melting point and chromatographic properties. Qlo had been previously reported.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acids of Extractable and Bound Lipids of Rhodomicrobium vannielii

Park

Berger

1967

J Bacteriol

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“…They are also found in the kinetosomes of some protozoa (40) and in terrestrial plants. In some bacterial species, the cyclopropane fatty acids accumulate in the stationary phase (27,35,38) or with adverse growth conditions (32), resulting in a decrease in C18 mono-unsaturated fatty acids and an increase in C01 cyclopropane fatty acids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Benthic Microbial Community Structure by High-Resolution Gas Chromatography of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

Bobbie

White

1980

Appl Environ Microbiol

208

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Fatty acids are a widely studied group of lipids of sufficient taxonomic diversity to be useful in defining microbial community structure. The extraordinary resolution of glass capillary gas-liquid chromatography can be utilized to separate and tentatively identify large numbers of fatty acid methyl esters derived from the lipids of estuarine detritus and marine benthic microbiota without the bias of selective methods requiring culture or recovery of the microbes. The gas-liquid chromatographic analyses are both reproducible and highly sensitive, and the recovery of fatty acids is quantitative. The analyses can be automated, and the diagnostic technique of mass spectral fragmentation analysis can be readily applied. Splitless injection on glass capillary gas chromatographic columns detected by mass spectral selective ion monitoring provides an ultrasensitive and definitive monitoring system. Reciprocal mixtures of bacteria and fungi, when extracted and analyzed, showed progressive changes of distinctive fatty acid methyl esters derived from the lipids. By manipulating the environment of an estuarine detrital microbial community with antibiotics and culture conditions, it was possible to produce a community greatly enriched in eucaryotic fungi, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopic morphology. The fatty acid methyl esters from the lipids in the fungus-enriched detritus showed enrichment of the C 18 dienoic and the C 18 and C 20 polyenoic esters. Manipulation of the detrital microbiota that increased the procaryotic population resulted in an absence of large structures typical of fungal mycelia or diatoms, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, and a significantly larger proportion of anteiso- and isobranched C 15 fatty acid esters, C 17 cyclopropane fatty acid esters, and the cis -vaccenic isomer of the C 18 monoenoic fatty acid esters. As determined by these techniques, a marine settling community showed greater differences in bacterial as contrasted to microeucaryotic populations when compared with the microbial communities of benthic cores.

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“…Relative bacterial biomass was quantified as a sum of 10Me-16:0, 10Me-17:0, 10Me-18:0 (actinobacteria), i14:0, i15:0, a15:0, i16:0, i17:0, a17:0 (grampositive (Gþ) bacteria), 16:1u7t, 18:1u7, cy17:0, cy19:0, 16:1u5 (gram-negative (GÀ) bacteria), and relative fungal biomass was quantified based on 18:2u6,9 content. During stationary growth of GÀ bacteria, the fatty acid cy17:0 is converted from its precursor 16:1u7 [43,44], consequently, the ratio of cy17:0 to 16:1u7 can be used as an indicator of the growth phase of GÀ bacteria with lower values indicating log phase growth and higher values indicating stationary phase growth [45,46].…”

Section: Microbial Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%