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Eight components, seven of which contained phosphorus, were found in the phospholipid fraction of Rhodomicrobium vannielii. The major components were lipoamino acid (o-ornithine ester of phosphatidyl glycerol, 46.5%) and phosphatidyl choline (26.5%). The other six components were phosphatidyl glycerol (9.7%), bisphosphatidic acid (6.7%), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (4.5%), phosphatidic acid (1.8%o), lysophosphatidyl glycerol-o-ornithine ester (3.2%/), and N,N-ornithine amide of unidentified fatty acid (0.95%). Total phospholipid accounted for 4.2% of cell dry weight. The major fatty acid was vaccenic acid, Cis:, which accounted for approximtely 90% of the total fatty acids of the complex lipid fraction. The other four fatty acids were Ci6:o (6.25%/), Cn:0 (3.8%), C14:0 (0.7%), and Cis:, (0.35%). The sulfolipid content was 0.01% of the cell dry weight or 0.14 ,umoles per g ofdried cells, assuming that its fatty acid component is vaccenic acid. No steroids were detected.