Translational validity across neuroscience and psychiatry

Stoyanov, Drozdstoj; Borgwardt, Stefan; Varga, Somogy

doi:10.1093/med/9780199680733.003.0008

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Modern psychopathology has been in a long-term crisis from different perspectives ( 1 ). One critical issue which contributes to this is the problem of validity of diagnostic methods and current classifications, which is entailed to some extent from the methodological gap existing between psychopathology and neuroscience, and functional neuroimaging in particular ( 2 – 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychopathology Assessment Methods Revisited: On Translational Cross-Validation of Clinical Self-Evaluation Scale and fMRI

et al. 2018

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We present in this article a study design that combines clinical self-assessment scale, simultaneously administered with fMRI data acquisition. We have used a standard block-design with two different conditions. Each active block consisted of four text statements (items), alternating diagnostically specific (DS) blocks comprising items from von Zerssen depression scale and diagnostically neutral (DN) blocks with items from a questionnaire about general interests. All items were rated on four degree Likert scale, and patients provided responses with corresponding four buttons during the fMRI session. Our results demonstrated that in healthy controls, contrasting the two types of stimuli yielded no residual activations, e.g., the DS did not produce significantly different activations compared to the DN stimuli. Furthermore, the correlation analyses did not find a relationship between brain activations and the total score of the DS statements in this group. However, contrasting the DS stimuli to the DN stimuli in the patients produced significant residual activations in several brain regions: right pre- and postcentral gyrus (including right supramarginal gyrus), left middle frontal gyrus, triangular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus. The left precuneus demonstrated correlations with the patients’ DS score. In the between-group comparisons, we found residual activations in the right pre- and postcentral gyrus, right supplementary motor area, medial segment of the right precentral gyrus, right superior parietal lobule, left middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, left occipital pole. Our results confirm the possibility of translational cross-validation of a clinical psychological test (von Zerssen’s depression scale) and fMRI. At this stage, however, we can only confirm the sensitivity of the method (its ability to distinguish healthy controls from depressed patients), but we cannot conclude anything about its specificity (distinction from different psychopathology conditions).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a broader explanation of the underlying arguments behind the concept of translational convergent cross-validation in psychiatry, see Ref. ( 2 , 3 , 6 ). In the following we will shortly present the background for the design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychopathology Assessment Methods Revisited: On Translational Cross-Validation of Clinical Self-Evaluation Scale and fMRI

et al. 2018

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“…So far, some authors have tended to emphasize the technical and clinical perspectives of translational processes. Others have combined a statistical analysis of trends in publication and conceptual analysis or searched for translational validity from one domain to another . Since these approaches start from different premises, emphasize alternative perspectives of translational processes, and above all, are conceptually diverse, one cannot at the present time attempt any direct comparisons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others have combined a statistical analysis of trends in publication and conceptual analysis 6 or searched for translational validity from one domain to another. 7 Since these approaches start from different premises, emphasize alternative perspectives of translational processes, and above all, are conceptually diverse, one cannot at the present time attempt any direct comparisons. Given that an epistemological exploration is likely to get closer to the deep structure of the translational process in psychiatry, this paper will apply the historicoconceptual model developed by the Cambridge group 8 to explore what it means to undertake "translational neuroscience" and to what extent this makes sense in relation to psychiatry.…”

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confidence: 99%

Translational neuroscience and psychiatry: A conceptual analysis

Marková

2018

Evaluation Clinical Practice

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As rapidly developing research disciplines and enterprises, the translational sciences have made significant impact on research direction in medicine. Psychiatry has likewise been affected, and in this regard, the translational neurosciences have been the major drivers. This paper explores the conceptual underpinnings of this enterprise in relation to psychiatry. It shows that translation is used in a metaphorical sense in this context but that this can be misleading because of the resultant connotation that there is equivalence between neurobiological states and mental states. Furthermore, this equivalence is reinforced by the unidirectional flow or bottom up approach of the translational process. Given that the epistemological basis to psychiatry is fundamentally different to that underlying medicine, questions are raised concerning the application of the translational neurosciences approach to mental symptoms and mental disorders. The hybrid structure of mental symptoms and mental disorders demands that attention is paid to the "semantic" as well as the neurobiological constituents. Neglect of the former would carry implications for the validity of research findings as well as have ethical consequences for treating patients. Translational neurosciences may have greater validity in those mental disorders and mental symptoms whose constitution and sense are carried by the neurobiological elements.

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“…In modern times, new ways have been proposed to explore the complex and multidimensional relationship between mental symptoms and neurobiological activity. Among them, we can highlight new versions of the translational model, which seek new strategies to find biological correlates of the psychiatric symptoms through neuroimaging techniques (6, 7). Moreover, the complex role of hermeneutics in shaping a neurobiological signal as mental symptom has been considered in models trying to reconcile neurobiology and humanities (8, 9).…”

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confidence: 99%