Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of simplified Chinese version of the anterior cruciate ligament return to sport after injury (ACL-RSI) scale

Abstract

PurposeTo translate and cross-culturally adapt the anterior cruciate ligament-return to sport after injury (ACL-RSI) into simplified Chinese [ACL-RSI (Cn)].MethodIn this diagnostic study, the translation, cross-culturally adaptation, and validation of the ACL-RSI was performed according to international guidelines. A total of 112 patients with ACL reconstruction participated in this study. All were capable of competitive sports before the injury and completed the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome (KOOS), the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), and the Tegner activity score. Forty-eight patients completed the ACL-RSI (Cn) twice within two weeks. The validity was tested using seven premade hypotheses. Internal consistency, reliability, and measurement error was assessed.ResultAt meanly 15.6 months postoperative, 81 (72.3%) patients returned to sport, with 57 (50.9%) to competitive sport and 24 (21.4%) to recreational sport. Thirty-one (27.7%) patients didn't return to any sport, with 19 (17.0%) still had planned to return, and 12 (10.7%) gave up sport. The ACL-RSI (Cn) demonstrated excellent validity with all hypotheses confirmed. The outcome of ACL-RSI (Cn) was strongly correlated the KOOS subscale quality of life (r = 0.66, p<0.001), the TSK (r = -0.678, p<0.001), the Tegner score (r = 0.695, p<0.001). There was statistic difference between cases returned (68.6 ± 10.1) and didn't return to sport (41.3 ± 17.7), p<0.001; between cases returned to competitive (71.1 ± 8.9) and recreational sport (62.9 ± 10.5), (P = 0.002); between cases who planned to return (50.7 ± 14.1) and gave up sport (26.5 ± 11.7), (P<0.001). The internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.96) and test-retest reliability [intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.90] was excellent. The measurement error, floor and ceiling effect was satisfactory. Administration time was 3.2 minutes, and no item was missed.ConclusionsThe ACL-RSI (Cn) scale was confirmed as a valid, reliable, and feasible tool for evaluating psychological factors influencing return to sport.

Translation and cultural adaptation of Lithuanian version of the anterior cruciate ligament return to sport after injury (ACL-RSI) scale

“…Internal consistentcy of the ACL-RSI-Lt, according to Cronbach alpha index, was 0.94 which is considered as excellent. Compared to the findings of our study, the Dutch [10] and Swedish [15] versions had the same Cronbach alpha (0.94), the Chinese [12] and French [14] versions had 0.96, the Turkish [11] version had 0.88 and the Brazilian [13] version had 0.87. All studies consolidate the strong correliation between the 12 questions of the scale, demonstraiting that 3 subscales (emotions, confidence in the performance and risk assessment) cannot be used separately.…”

“…In the Dutch version correlation between ACL-RSI and IKDC was 0.51 [10], in the Brazilian version was 0.58 [13], while in the Turkish version was 0.44 [11] and in the French version the correlation was 0.42 [14]. Chen et al [12] reported a week correlation between ACL-RSI and IKDC subscales. In our study, only the correlation between ACL-RSI-Lt and subscale IKDC-sports was week.…”

Factors Associated With Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery

“…The instrument that we chose to measure the patient’s subjective outcome was the IKDC subjective knee score, which is a well-validated knee scale that records the patient’s self-reported knee symptoms and function 18 and which showed a moderate univariate correlation with ACL-RSI scores in validation studies. 7,9,17 Note that this measure was more strongly associated with psychological readiness than the measure of physical function (hop-test limb symmetry) and that knee laxity had no association with psychological readiness. Therefore, patient self-reported outcomes have a strong association with psychological readiness to RTS.…”

Responsiveness of the anterior cruciate ligament – Return to Sports after Injury (ACL-RSI) and Injury – Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PRRS) scales

“…Webster, Feller, and Lambros (2008) developed and studied the validity of the ACL Return to Sports after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale, which was designed to evaluate three psychological responses of athletes in relation to sport resumption following ACL injury and/or surgery: emotions, confidence in performance, and risk appraisal. The ACL-RSI has been translated into several languages and is considered valid and reliable (Bohu, Klouche, Lefevre, Webster, & Herman, 2015;Chen et al, 2017;Harput et al, 2017;Kvist et al, 2013;Silva, Mendes, Lima, & Almeida, 2017;Slagers, Reininga, & van Den Akker-Scheek, 2017). Glazer developed the Injury Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PRRS) scale to assess the psychological readiness of injured athletes to return to sports participation, irrespectively of the type of injury (Glazer, 2009).…”