Transitions in the route of cocaine administration‐characteristics, direction and associated variables

Abstract

Cocaine transitions are very common and are usually towards routes associated with a higher dependency potential and increased HIV-risk behaviour. Further research is needed to see if transitions can be prevented by early identification of potential cases.

Drug Injection Among Street Youths in Montreal: Predictors of Initiation

“…Other studies showed similar results, with up to 51% of individuals reporting no prior use of the first-injected drug. 11,12,18,19,22,23,48 Therefore, even though dependence can influence users to initiate injection, it is obviously not a necessary condition. Other factors related to drug use, alone or in combination, may contribute to injection.…”

“…14,15 Little is known about the factors that characterize individuals at risk of initiating injection drug use. Several studies have looked at the risk of making a transition (a shift in the main route of drug administration) 10,12,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] or the risk of restarting injection among former injectors. 14,25,26 A few studies, all cross sectional, examined the factors associated with the risk of first injection, comparing individuals who ever injected drugs with those who had never done so.…”

Effects of Cocaine in Rats Exposed to Heroin

“…It is not clear, however, whether a 'most' typical pattern of co-use actually exists, and experimental evidence relating to this issue is scarce (Leri et al, 2003;Benswick et al, 2001; Kidorf and Stitzer, 1993). Furthermore, a pattern of co-use may reflect regional means of drug administration (Diaz et al, 1994;Gossop et al, 2000) determined by nonpharmacological factors such as socioeconomical status (Crofts et al, 1996;Dunn and Laranjeira, 1999), age (Carneiro et al, 1999;Griffiths et al, 1992;Dinwiddie et al, 1996), or gender (Doherty et al, 2000;Benswick et al, 2001). Thus, it is very difficult to study the pharmacological basis of co-use of heroin and cocaine by analyzing patterns of use at the population level.…”

HIV/AIDS risk among female sex workers who use crack in Southern Brazil

“…11,12 Some studies have also reported the transition toward crack cocaine of former cocaine snorters and/or injectors in Brazil. 1,5,8 This paper reports major fi ndings of a study targeting female commercial sex workers who use crack from Foz do Iguaçu, southern Brazil. The study is an outcome of a joint effort from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the Global AIDS Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), designed to empower Brazilian non-government organizations (NGO).…”