Transition phase clothing strategies and their effect on body temperature and 100‐m swimming performance

Galbraith, Andy; Willmott, Aimee

doi:10.1080/17461391.2017.1411528

Cited by 10 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In half the studies (n = 7), it was concluded that swimmers performed significantly better after a regular warm-up than over a shorter or dryland warm-up [ 4 , 6 , 7 , 11 , 12 , 21 , 22 ]. However, a warm-up had a small effect on time trial performance across most studies [ 3 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 11 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 22 ]. This suggests there is some discontinuity among and within studies, but also suggests that there is a relationship between a warm-up and swimming performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In seven studies, fixed effect sizes of the performance outcomes analyzed were calculated using an online effect size calculator calculating Cohen’s d (Social Science Statistics, London, UK). In the other seven studies, effect sizes were extracted from the calculations provided in the articles [ 7 , 12 , 17 , 20 ]. The Cohen criteria were used to interpret the magnitude of the effect sizes: 0.2–0.5, small; 0.5–0.8, moderate; and >0.8, large.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the positive effects of warm-up have been well-documented, negative effects have also been noted. Long warm-ups have been reported to cause fatigue and may detract from performance [ 2 , 7 ]. Different sports also utilize different muscles and energy systems, thus each requiring a specialized warm-up that accounts for the unique nature of each sport to maximize performance [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of Warm-Up on Sprint Swimming Performance, Rating of Perceived Exertion, and Blood Lactate Concentration: A Systematic Review

Czelusniak

Favreau

Ives

2021

JFMK

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(1) Background: warm-ups precede physical exertion and has been shown to have positive and negative effects on performance. Positive effects include elevating body temperature, heart rate, and VO2. Negative effects include increasing fatigue and blood lactate concentration. The most effective warm-up format is still unknown, particularly in competitive swimming. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the most beneficial warm-up for maximal performance in sprint swimming events; (2) Methods: a structured search was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the PubMed, SportDiscus, and Google Scholar databases until March 2021. Studies with double-blind and randomized designs in which different types of warm-up were compared to each other or an identical placebo condition (no warm-up) were considered. Fourteen published studies were included. The effects of warm-up on sprint swimming performance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate concentration (La−) were investigated. (3) Results: in half of the studies, swimmers performed significantly better after a regular warm-up; however, the effect of warm-up on performance was small. Warm-ups had a medium to large effect on RPE and a small to medium effect on La−. (4) Conclusions: the findings of this review suggest that warm-ups do influence performance, although the magnitude is small. Future studies are needed in larger populations to clarify whether warm ups improve swim performance, to what extent, and the potential role of variables related to participant characteristics and swimming competitions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of Warm-Up on Sprint Swimming Performance, Rating of Perceived Exertion, and Blood Lactate Concentration: A Systematic Review

Czelusniak

Favreau

Ives

2021

JFMK

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“…T tym was recorded via tympanic measurements. MST was recorded at four sites of the body: Chest (C), Arm (D), Thigh (H) and Leg (J), as described in Galbraith & Willmott [ 25 ]. All temperature measurements were taken three times, with the mean values reported.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warm-up durations in a hot-dry climate affect thermoregulation, mean power-output and fatigue, but not peak power in specific soccer repeated-sprint ability

Frikha

Chaâri²,

Said

et al. 2020

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background This study addressed the lack of data on the effect of warm-up (WU) duration in hot-dry climate (~ 30 °C; ~ 18% RH), on thermoregulation, muscular power-output, and fatigue after specific soccer repeated-sprint test (RSA). Methods Eleven amateur soccer players participated in a cross-over randomized study and they underwent the Bangsbo repeated-sprint test, after three WU durations (i.e. WU10, WU15 and WU20 min) at 70% of MAV, and on different days. Peak power (PP), mean power (MP) and the fatigue index (FI) were recorded and analyzed. Likewise, heart rate (HR), tympanic temperature (Ttym), mean body temperature (MBT) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded during each session. Results The repeated measure ANOVA showed that MP improved after WU15 in comparison to WU10 and WU20 (p = 0.04 and p = 0.001; respectively). Nonetheless, no significant effect on PP was recorded after all WU durations. FI during RSA increased after WU20 in comparison to WU15 and WU10 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003; respectively). Higher RPE values (p < 0.001) were recorded after WU15 and WU20 in comparison to WU10 duration. The two-way ANOVA showed higher ΔTtym and ΔMBT values after WU15 and WU20 compared to WU10 (p = 0.039 and p < 0.001for Ttym; p = 0.005 and p < 0.001 for MBT, respectively). Conclusions The WU15 at 70% of MAV better assists mean power-output during soccer RSA in hot-dry (~ 30 °C; 18% RH) climate, but not peak power. Reducing WU duration up to 10 min seems to be insufficient to induce beneficial physiological changes necessary for optimizing repeated-sprint performance, while its extension up to 20 min remains detrimental for muscular power and induces higher fatigue.

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Pre-exercise skin temperature evolution is not related with 100 m front crawl performance

Jiménez-Pérez

Gil-Calvo

Vardasca

et al. 2021

Journal of Thermal Biology

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Transition phase clothing strategies and their effect on body temperature and 100‐m swimming performance

Abstract: Wearing warm clothing during a 30-min transition phase improved swimming performance by 0.6%, compared to limited clothing.

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of Warm-Up on Sprint Swimming Performance, Rating of Perceived Exertion, and Blood Lactate Concentration: A Systematic Review

Effects of Warm-Up on Sprint Swimming Performance, Rating of Perceived Exertion, and Blood Lactate Concentration: A Systematic Review

Warm-up durations in a hot-dry climate affect thermoregulation, mean power-output and fatigue, but not peak power in specific soccer repeated-sprint ability

Pre-exercise skin temperature evolution is not related with 100 m front crawl performance

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