Transition in the Acid–Base Component of Surface Free Energy of Ice upon the Premelting of Its Second Molecular Bilayer

Orndorf, Nathaniel; Singla, Saranshu; Dhinojwala, Ali

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c04610

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…Direct influence of premelting of ice at the rubber-ice contact for T > −10 ○ C was presented by Roberts [19] and by Orndorf et al [13], who observed very different types of adhesion between rubber balls and ice above and below ∼ −10 ○ C. In these studies it was also observed that after some minutes dwell in lightly loaded static contact at T > −10 ○ C the rubber sphere made a circular mark in the ice indicating a continuous flow of water away from the contact during stationary contact. The same effect was not observed at T = −20 ○ C.…”

Section: Analysis Of Experimental Data and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Thus the low friction of ice can be attributed to a combination of frictional heating and ice premelting. However, while many experiments have shown that the free ice-vapor interface undergoes premelting, starting at least 10 ○ C below the bulk melting temperature, there are almost no experimental studies showing that same is true at the interface between ice and another solid [13]. Thus most of the experimental technique used to study the ice-vapor interface cannot be used to study the (buried) interface between ice and another solid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rubber–Ice friction

Persson

Tada²,

Kawasaki³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We study the friction when a rectangular tire tread rubber block is slid on an ice surface at different temperatures ranging from −38○C to −2○C, and sliding speeds ranging from 3 µm/s to 1 cm/s. At low temperatures and low sliding speeds we propose that an important contribution to the friction force is due to slip between the ice surface and ice fragments attached to the rubber surface. At temperatures above −10○C or for high enough sliding speeds a thin premelted water film occur on the ice surface and the contribution to the friction from shearing the area of real contact is small. In this case the dominant contribution to the friction force comes from viscoelastic deformations of the rubber by the ice asperities.

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Section: Analysis Of Experimental Data and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber–Ice friction

Persson

Tada²,

Kawasaki³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…While our discussion is focused on the substrate of snow, there may be factors of the polar bear paw pad that are specifically adapted to ice. Because seawater contains salt, its presence on the ice will change its adhesion [62] and friction [63] properties compared with pure water and ice. These factors may further complicate prediction of relative friction on ice.…”

Section: Discussion: Relevance To Contact Mechanics On Snowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polar bear paw pad surface roughness and its relevance to contact mechanics on snow

Orndorf

Garner

Dhinojwala

2022

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Microscopic papillae on polar bear paw pads are considered adaptations for increased friction on ice/snow, yet this assertion is based on a single study of one species. The lack of comparative data from species that exploit different habitats renders the ecomorphological associations of papillae unclear. Here, we quantify the surface roughness of the paw pads of four species of bear over five orders of magnitude by calculating their surface roughness power spectral density. We find that interspecific variation in papillae base diameter can be explained by paw pad width, but that polar bear paw pads have 1.5 times taller papillae and 1.3 times more true surface area than paw pads of the American black bear and brown bear. Based on friction experiments with three-dimensional printed model surfaces and snow, we conclude that these factors increase the frictional shear stress of the polar bear paw pad on snow by a factor of 1.3–1.5 compared with the other species. Absolute frictional forces, however, are estimated to be similar among species once paw pad area is accounted for, suggesting that taller papillae may compensate for frictional losses resulting from the relatively smaller paw pads of polar bears compared with their close relatives.

show abstract

Rubber-ice friction

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We study the friction when a rectangular tire tread rubber block is sliding on an ice surface at different temperatures ranging from −38 to −2 °C, and sliding speeds ranging from 3 µm/s to 1 cm/s. At low temperatures and low sliding speeds we propose that an important contribution to the friction force is due to slip between the ice surface and ice fragments attached to the rubber surface. At temperatures above −10 °C or for high enough sliding speeds, a thin premelted water film occurs on the ice surface and the contribution to the friction from shearing the area of real contact is small. In this case the dominant contribution to the friction force comes from viscoelastic deformations of the rubber by the ice asperities. We comment on the role of waxing on the friction between skis and snow (ice particles).

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Transition in the Acid–Base Component of Surface Free Energy of Ice upon the Premelting of Its Second Molecular Bilayer

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Rubber–Ice friction

Rubber–Ice friction

Polar bear paw pad surface roughness and its relevance to contact mechanics on snow

Rubber-ice friction

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