Rubber-ice friction

Tada, T.; Kawasaki, Shigeo; Shimizu, Ryouske; Persson, B. N. J.

doi:10.1007/s40544-022-0715-5

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Note that there will be two competing effects, i.e., the film thickness and the area covered by the meltwater. For rubber on a glass surface (e.g., wiper blades), the friction is maximal just before dry contact occurs due to water evaporation, see [38] for more about rubber friction. At the ski-snow interface the former will likely dominate, hence the strongest capillary effect is just when a meltwater film starts to appear.…”

Section: Functional Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of the Contact between Cross-Country Skis and Snow: A Micro-Scale Study Considering the Ski-Base Texture

et al. 2023

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In winter sports, the equipment often comes into contact with snow or ice, and this contact generates a force that resists motion. In some sports, such as cross-country skiing, this resistive force can significantly affect the outcome of a race, as a small reduction in this force can give an athlete an advantage. Researchers have examined the contact between skis and snow in detail, and to fully understand this friction, the entire ski must be studied at various scales. At the macro scale, the entire geometry of the ski is considered and the apparent contact between the ski and the snow is considered and at the micro-scale the contact between the snow and the ski-base textures. In the present work, a method for characterising the contact between the ski-base texture and virtual snow will be presented. Six different ski-base textures will be considered. Five of them are stone-ground ski bases, and three of them have longitudinal linear textures with a varying number of lines and peak-to-valley heights, and the other two are factory-ground “universal” ski bases. The sixth ski base has been fabricated by a steel-scraping procedure. In general, the results show that a ski base texture with a higher Spk value has less real contact area, and that the mutual differences can be large for surfaces with similar Sa values. The average interfacial separation is, in general, correlated with the Sa value, where a “rougher” surface exhibits a larger average interfacial separation. The results for the reciprocal average interfacial separation, which is related to the Couette type of viscous friction, were in line with the general consensus that a “rougher” texture performs better at high speed than a “smoother” one, and it was found that a texture with high Sa and Spk values resulted in a low reciprocal average interfacial separation and consequently low viscous friction. The reciprocal average interfacial separation was found to increase with increasing real contact area, indicating a correlation between the real area of contact and the Couette part of the viscous friction.

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Section: Functional Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of the Contact between Cross-Country Skis and Snow: A Micro-Scale Study Considering the Ski-Base Texture

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For rubber on a glass surface (e.g. wiper blades), the friction is maximal just before dry contact occurs due to water evaporation, see[36] for more about rubber friction. In the ski-snow interface the former will likely dominate, hence the strongest capillary effect is just when a meltwater film starts to appear…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of the Contact between Cross-Country Skis and Snow: A Micro-Scale Study Considering the Ski-Base Texture

Kalliorinne¹,

Persson²,

Sandberg³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In winter sports, the equipment often comes into contact with snow or ice, and this contact generates a force that resists motion. In some sports, such as cross-country skiing, this resistive force can significantly affect the outcome of a race, as a small reduction in this force can give an athlete an advantage. Researchers have examined the contact between skis and snow in detail, and to fully understand this friction, the entire ski must be studied at various scales. At the macro scale, the entire geometry of the ski is considered and the apparent contact between the ski and the snow is considered and at the micro scale the contact between the snow and the ski base ski-base textures. In the present work, a method for characterising contact between the ski-base texture and virtual snow will be presented. Six different ski-base textures will be considered. Five of them are stone-ground ski bases, and three of them have linear longitudinal textures with a varying number of lines and peak-to-valley height, and the other two are factory-ground “universal” ski bases. The sixth ski base has been fabricated by a steel-scraping procedure. In general, the results show that a ski base texture with a higher Spk-value has less real contact area, and that the mutual differences can be large for surfaces with similar Sa-values. The average interfacial separation is, in general, correlated with the Sa-value, where a “rougher” surface exhibits a larger average interfacial separation. The results for the reciprocal average interfacial separation, which is related to the Couette type of viscous friction, were in line with the general consensus that a “rougher” texture performs better at high speed than a “smoother” one, and it was found that a texture with high Sa and Spk values resulted in a low reciprocal average interfacial separation and consequently low viscous friction. The reciprocal average interfacial separation was found to increase with increasing real contact area, indicating a correlation between the real area of contact and the Couette part of viscous friction.

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Nonlinear model of ice surface softening during sliding taking into account spatial inhomogeneity of strain, stress and temperature

Khomenko,

Lohvynenko,

Khomenko

et al. 2024

Arch Appl Mech

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Rubber-ice friction

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Characterisation of the Contact between Cross-Country Skis and Snow: A Micro-Scale Study Considering the Ski-Base Texture

Characterisation of the Contact between Cross-Country Skis and Snow: A Micro-Scale Study Considering the Ski-Base Texture

Characterisation of the Contact between Cross-Country Skis and Snow: A Micro-Scale Study Considering the Ski-Base Texture

Nonlinear model of ice surface softening during sliding taking into account spatial inhomogeneity of strain, stress and temperature

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