Transition from the anodic arc phase to the cathodic metallic arc phase in vacuum at low DC electrical level

Morin, L.; Jemaa, N. Ben; Jeannot, D.; Sone, H.

doi:10.1109/holm.2001.953194

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It has been reported that, in macro-size relays, the metal atoms on the cathode surface can be ionized by the 'electric arc' and transferred to the anode during contact break [20,21]. For gold contacts, the minimum arc voltage and minimum arc current are 12.42 V and 0.35 A respectively [16].…”

Section: Alternating High-electric-field Hot Switching Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact degradation in hot/cold operation of direct contact micro-switches

Yang

Lichtenwalner

Morris³

et al. 2010

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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Degradation of gold contacts in micro-switches was studied under an extensive range of operation conditions including high-electric-field ac/dc hot switching, low-electric-field hot switching and cold switching. Tests were conducted in a unique experimental switching operation set-up. Gold micro-contacts were characterized by an atomic force microscope. It was found that a unique material transfer/distribution feature was correlated with specific switching operations. New insights into contact degradation mechanisms of micro-switches were achieved by analyzing contact degradation features under varied operation conditions. Our results indicate that for high-electric-field hot switching, gold atoms are transferred from the 'anode' contact to the 'cathode' contact via field evaporation; for low-electric-field hot switching, material transfer is induced by transient heat; and for cold switching, contact resistance can be jeopardized by surface contamination and surface roughness if contact force is low.

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Section: Alternating High-electric-field Hot Switching Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact degradation in hot/cold operation of direct contact micro-switches

Yang

Lichtenwalner

Morris³

et al. 2010

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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“…28 At break, it is well known that arcing takes place after contacts rupture and the metallic phase and gaseous phase occurs for arcs. [44][45][46][47] Figure 6 shows typical arc energy at breaking state. It shows that the Ag/ZnO (c) has lower breaking arc energy and more concentrated distribution than those of Ag/ZnO (a) at the same load condition.…”

Section: B Characterizations Of Ag/zno Electrical Contact Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of preparing method of ZnO powders on electrical arc erosion behavior of Ag/ZnO electrical contact material

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2016

J. Mater. Res.

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Two kinds of Ag/ZnO electrical contact materials were fabricated by powder metallurgy method. The electrical life testing was done to investigate the arc erosion behavior of the prepared contact materials. Their properties and morphologies were characterized and discussed in detail. Results showed that Ag/ZnO (c) with coprecipitated ZnO as the second phase had better mechanical and electrical properties compared with Ag/ZnO (a) with ZnO purchased from Aladdin Industrial, Inc. Besides, some typical morphologies, such as holes, Ag or ZnO enrichment zone, Ag skeletons and bubbling area, occurred on the surface of the contacts. Especially for Ag/ZnO (c) , vertically aligned ZnO nanorod arrays were detected after the life testing without any other supporting equipment. The existence of a solid solution Zn 1Àx Ag x O and different energy generated during arcing process were possible reasons resulting in this phenomenon. A solid-vapor-solid mechanism was put forward to analyze the phenomenon mentioned above. These evidences could also offer some valuable information desired for reducing the splashing of Ag droplet under arcing.

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“…This mass exchange has been characterized by experiments in which many switching operations are performed and the individual electrodes subsequently weighed. 1 One of the primary outcomes of such research is the ability to choose electrode materials whose mass loss is minimal in a given application (resistive circuit, inductive circuit, high current-low voltage, low current-high voltage, etc.) and that can withstand the large number of operations undergone by a commercial device.…”

confidence: 99%

Small angle x-ray scattering and electron microscopy of nanoparticles formed in an electrical arc

et al. 2013

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Small Angle X-ray Scattering has been used to characterize nanoparticles generated by electrical arcing between metallic (AgSnO2) electrodes. The particles are found to have diameters between 30 and 40 nm and display smooth surfaces suggesting that they are either in liquid form or have solidified from the liquid state. Particles collected around the electrodes were analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscopy and were seen to be much larger than those seen in the SAXS measurement, to be spherical in form and composed of silver metal with irregular tin oxide particles deposited on their surface. Mixed metal nanoparticles can have important practical applications and the use of mixed sintered electrodes may be a direct method for their production

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Transition from the anodic arc phase to the cathodic metallic arc phase in vacuum at low DC electrical level

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Contact degradation in hot/cold operation of direct contact micro-switches

Contact degradation in hot/cold operation of direct contact micro-switches

Effect of preparing method of ZnO powders on electrical arc erosion behavior of Ag/ZnO electrical contact material

Small angle x-ray scattering and electron microscopy of nanoparticles formed in an electrical arc

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