Transition from stable column to partial collapse during the 79 cal CE P3 Plinian eruption of Mt. Pelée volcano (Lesser Antilles)

Carazzo, Guillaume; Tait, S.; Michaud-Dubuy, Audrey; Fries, Allan; Kaminski, É.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.106764

Cited by 11 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Pelée over the past 5,000 years is characterized by a heterogeneous succession of sub-Plinian/Plinian and dome-forming (Pelean) eruptions (Westercamp and Traineau, 1983;Boudon et al, 2005;Carazzo et al, 2012;Michaud-Dubuy et al, 2019). Among these events, the P6 (4,610 BP) and P4 (2,440 BP) Plinian eruptions produced small explosive fountains associated with pyroclastic currents (Westercamp and Traineau, 1983), whereas the P5 (4,060 BP), P3 (79 cal CE), P2 (280 cal CE) and P1 (1300 cal CE) Plinian eruptions formed 20-30 km high stable Plinian columns that underwent total or partial collapse with associated pyroclastic currents at some stage (Carazzo et al, 2012(Carazzo et al, , 2019(Carazzo et al, , 2020. Numerous eruptions involved formation and/or destruction of lava domes often with a blast-like phase identified, including the P2, P1, 1902-1905CE (Lacroix, 1904) and the 1929-1932CE eruptions (Perret, 1935.…”

Section: Geological Setting Martinique Island and Mount Peléementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and Impacts of the May 8th, 1902 Pyroclastic Current at Mount Pelée (Martinique): New Insights From Numerical Modeling

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Geological Setting Martinique Island and Mount Peléementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and Impacts of the May 8th, 1902 Pyroclastic Current at Mount Pelée (Martinique): New Insights From Numerical Modeling

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…First, it is not based on numerical modeling of volcanic column dynamics and tephra dispersion caused by winds, as apparent from the circular shape of the exposure level areas. Second, the methodology was built on the eruptive history determined by Westercamp and Traineau (1983) for the last 5,000 years, which was since revisited and completed by Carazzo et al (2012); Carazzo et al (2019); Carazzo et al (2020); . Recent tephrostratigraphical studies indeed allowed to identify, interpret and reconstruct the dynamics of nine Plinian eruptions in the last 24,000 years.…”

Section: Current Hazard Map For Tephra Falloutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent tephrostratigraphical studies indeed allowed to identify, interpret and reconstruct the dynamics of nine Plinian eruptions in the last 24,000 years. Four of them, the P1 (1,300 cal CE) (Carazzo et al 2012), P2 (280 cal CE) (Carazzo et al 2019), P3 (79 cal CE) (Carazzo et al 2020), and P5 (4,534 cal BP) (Westercamp and Traineau 1983) eruptions, are interpreted to be sub-Plinian to Plinian eruptions with the formation of a 20 to 30 km-high stable plume that underwent total or partial collapse with the production of associated pyroclastic flows at some stages (Carazzo et al 2012;Carazzo et al 2019;Carazzo et al 2020). The air fall deposits from these eruptions can be observed on the volcano flanks, separated from each other by soil deposits attesting that they are not from the same eruption (Fig.…”

Section: Current Hazard Map For Tephra Falloutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2). They present a large variability in their dispersal direction: tephra from the P5 (4,534 cal BP) and P2 (280 cal CE) eruptions blanketed the eastern flanks of the volcano (Westercamp and Traineau 1983;Carazzo et al 2019) while those of the P1 (1,300 cal CE) and P3 (79 cal CE) events were deposited mostly on the western flanks (Carazzo et al 2012;Carazzo et al 2020). The Bellefontaine (13,516 cal BP), Carbet (18,711 cal BP) and Etoile (21,450 cal BP) eruptions are much older, and characterized by a stable column that dispersed tephra on the southern flanks, which we interpret to be due to the occurrence of winds of more peculiar orientation .…”

Section: Current Hazard Map For Tephra Falloutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In between these major eruptions, Mount Pelée produced more powerful Plinian eruptions (Westercamp and Traineau 1983;Traineau et al 1989; Bardintzeff et al 1989) and underwent three major flank collapses (Le Friant et al 2003;Solaro et al 2020). The Plinian eruptive history of Mount Pelée was extensively revisited in the last decade (Carazzo et al 2012;Carazzo et al 2019;Carazzo et al 2020; in order to complete the recent eruptive history of the volcano . These studies, based on more than 200 outcrops and robust age determinations highlight that Plinian eruptions are more frequent at Mount Pelée than previously thought, and provide important Eruptive Source Parameters (ESPs, total volume, mass eruption rate, total grain-size distribution, column height, exit velocity) retrieved from field observations and measurements combined with physical models of volcanic columns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Volcanic hazard assessment for tephra fallout in Martinique

2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mount Pelée (Martinique) is one of the most active volcanoes in the Lesser Antilles arc with more than 34 magmatic events in the last 24,000 years, including the deadliest eruption of the 20th century. The current volcanic hazard map used in the civil security plan puts the emphasis on the volcanic hazard close to the volcano. This map is however based on an incomplete eruptive history and does not take into account the variability of the expected source conditions (mass eruption rate, total erupted mass, and grain-size distribution) or the wind effect on ash dispersal. We propose here to refine the volcanic hazard map for tephra fallout by using the 2-D model of ash dispersal HAZMAP. We first simulate the maximum expected eruptive scenario at Mount Pelée (i.e., the P3 eruption) using a seasonal wind profile. Building upon the good agreement with field data, we compute probability maps based on this maximum expected scenario, which show that tephra fallout hazard could threaten not only areas close to the volcano but also the southern part of Martinique. We then use a comprehensive approach based on 16 eruptive scenarios that include new field constraints obtained in the recent years on the past Plinian eruptions of Mount Pelée volcano. Each eruptive scenario considers different values of total erupted mass and mass eruption rate, and is characterized by a given probability of occurrence estimated from the refined eruptive history of the volcano. The 1979-2019 meteorological ERA-5 database is used to further take into account the daily variability of winds. These new probability maps show that the area of probable total destruction is wider when considering the 16 scenarios compared to the maximum expected scenario. The southern part of Martinique, although less threatened than when considering the maximum expected scenario, would still be impacted both by tephra fallout and by its high dependence on the water and electrical network carried from the northern part of the island. Finally, we show that key infrastructures in Martinique (such as the international airport) have a non-negligible probability of being impacted by a future Plinian eruption of the Mount Pelée. These results provide strong arguments for and will support significant and timely reconceiving of the emergency procedures as the local authorities have now placed Mount Pelée volcano on alert level yellow (vigilance) based on increased seismicity and tremor-type signals.

show abstract

Fragmentation behavior of young pyroclasts from Mt. Pelée, Martinique

Huebsch,

Kueppers,

Carazzo

et al. 2023

Bull Volcanol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The stratovolcano Mt. Pelée, Martinique, exhibits eruptive styles ranging from dome formation to sustained, highly violent explosive activity. Historical eruptions have produced lava domes and pyroclastic density currents, collectively termed Peléan activity. In pre-colonial times, several Plinian eruptions took place. Here, we explore physical controls on the proportions of fine particles produced—i.e., the fragmentation efficiency—during primary fragmentation. Samples were collected from ignimbrites from the 1929–1932 and 1902–1905 Peléan eruptions and the P1 (1300 CE), P2 (280 CE), and P3 (79 CE) Plinian eruptions. All samples are andesitic in bulk composition and contain a rhyolitic groundmass glass. The Peléan materials are more crystalline and less porous than their Plinian counterparts, a consequence of more extensive outgassing during dome formation. Representative blocks were cored and experimentally fragmented following rapid decompression (> 1 GPa·s−1 from initial pressure between 5 and 20 MPa). Dry sieving allowed for determining grain size distributions, from which the fractal dimensions, Df, were calculated as a quantification of fragmentation efficiency. Our results indicate different behaviors for Peléan and Plinian samples. While fragmentation efficiency is positively correlated with applied potential energy for Peléan samples, this relationship is not observed for the Plinian samples, possibly due to syn-fragmentation gas escape above a certain porosity. The rapid decompression experiments were designed to minimize secondary fragmentation by shear along the walls or impact while preserving the entirety of produced materials. Thus, our experimental grainsize data are physically linked to sample textures and overpressure. By comparison with natural pyroclastic products—commonly incompletely preserved—we can approach quantitatively constraining the energetic conditions underlying individual eruptions.

show abstract

Transition from stable column to partial collapse during the 79 cal CE P3 Plinian eruption of Mt. Pelée volcano (Lesser Antilles)

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Dynamics and Impacts of the May 8th, 1902 Pyroclastic Current at Mount Pelée (Martinique): New Insights From Numerical Modeling

Dynamics and Impacts of the May 8th, 1902 Pyroclastic Current at Mount Pelée (Martinique): New Insights From Numerical Modeling

Volcanic hazard assessment for tephra fallout in Martinique

Fragmentation behavior of young pyroclasts from Mt. Pelée, Martinique

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About