Transistor behavior via Au clusters etched from electrodes in an acidic gating solution: Metal nanoparticles mimicking conducting polymers

Grose, Jacob E.; Pasupathy, Abhay; Ralph, Daniel; Ülgüt, Burak; Abruña, Héctor D.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.71.035306

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Recently, it has been demonstrated that large bias voltages applied to Au surfaces can induce electrochemical processes that lead to formation of Au nanoparticles of diameter on the order of a few nanometer, [10,11] and these nanoparticles self-assemble into a granular structure. [11] In the prior work, [9] we showed that the electron localization length in the nanojunction is finite at low temperatures. To summarize, samples with resistance larger than approximately R Q displayed Coulomb blockade.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Spin-Orbit Scattering in Strongly Disordered Gold Nanojunctions

Anaya¹,

Bowman²,

Davidovic³

2004

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We discovered that spin-orbit scattering in strong-disordered gold nanojunctions is strongly suppressed relative to that in weak-disordered gold thin films. This property is unusual because in weak-disordered films, spin-orbit scattering increases with disorder. Granularity and freezing of spin-orbit scattering inside the grains explains the suppression of spin-orbit scattering. We propose a generalized Elliot-Yafet relation that applies to strong-disordered granular regime.The field of spintronics has recently emerged as a potential alternative to conventional charge-based electronics.[1] What sets spintronics apart is the explicit study or use of the electron spin degree of freedom. A challenge in spintronics is the finite lifetime of spin-polarized current, since electron spins can flip in normal metals and semiconductors.It is generally accepted that a spin-orbit (SO) interaction, through the so called Elliot-Yafet mechanism, [2,3] causes spin-flip scattering in weak-disordered metals. In this mechanism, the SO scattering time (τ ey so ) is proportional to the momentum relaxation time τ , τ ey so = τ /α, which is known as the Elliot-Yafet relation. The scattering ratio α ≪ 1 represents the spin-flip probability during the momentum relaxation time. It depends on the atomic number, band structure, and to a lesser extent, on sample preparation techniques. It has recently been demonstrated that the Elliot-Yafet relation agrees with measured SO scattering time in a wide range of weak-disordered metallic samples. [4] In this paper we investigate SO scattering in strongdisordered metals, that is, in metals where conduction electrons undergo transition into Anderson localized states at low temperatures. We find that the relation between disorder and SO scattering time in the strongdisordered regime is qualitatively different from that in the weak-disordered regime. We observe a strong enhancement of the SO scattering time compared to that in weak-disordered samples. We propose that the enhancement of the SO scattering time arises from granularity, as follows.Consider a 3D granular system composed of grains with average diameter D and average grain-to grain resistance R g . If R g is larger than R Q = h/e 2 = 25.8kΩ, within a factor of order one, then the system is strongdisordered. If R g < R Q , within a factor of order one, then the system is weak-disordered. [5] By definition, R g is larger than the resistance inside the grains. The dwell time of an electron on any given grain (t D ) is roughly t D = t H R g /R Q , where t H = h/δ is the Heisenberg time (δ is the level spacing).We consider small strong-disordered granular samples, in which the electron localization length is larger than sample size. In these samples, electrons at the Fermi level are spatially extended through the sample. We discuss SO scattering time of electrons at the Fermi level and at zero temperature. We assume the grains are ballistic so that momentum relaxation is dominated by surface scattering. So the Elliot-Yafet relation predicts a SO ...

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confidence: 99%

Suppression of Spin-Orbit Scattering in Strongly Disordered Gold Nanojunctions

Anaya¹,

Bowman²,

Davidovic³

2004

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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“…Granular disorder has been recently confirmed in Au samples created by electro-chemistry. [11,12] It has been shown that large electric fields near Au surfaces induce formation of Au nanoparticles of diameter of few nanometers, which assemble into a granular structure. [12] Theoretically, granular metals are similar to Fermi-Liquids.…”

Section: Granular Nano-bridge Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, granular disorder has been directly observed in Au-nanoelectrodes grown by electrochemistry. [11,12] In particular, an electrochemical growth process at certain gate voltages created a granular material consisting of Au clusters with oxidized surface. Granular disorder can cause characteristics that resemble single-electron transistors, and researchers were cautioned about interpreting transistor effects in molecular-electronics experiments.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Granular disorder can cause characteristics that resemble single-electron transistors, and researchers were cautioned about interpreting transistor effects in molecular-electronics experiments. [12] The goal of this paper is to explain quantum interference effects in strongly disordered Au nano-bridges at low temperatures, using a model of granular disorder. This paper is a follow-up to our recent letter [9] in which we demonstrated phase coherent phenomena in strongly disordered Au nano-bridges.…”

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Spin-based quantum interference effects and dephasing in strongly disordered Au nanobridges

et al. 2005

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We investigate quantum interference effects with magnetic field (magnetofingerprints) in strongly disordered Au-nanobridges. The magnetofingerprints are unconventional because they are caused by the Zeeman effect, not by the Aharonov-Bohm effect. These spin-based magnetofingerprints are equivalent to the Ericson's fluctuations (the fluctuations in electron transmission probability with electron energy). We present a model based on the Landauer-Buttiker formalism that describes the data. We show that the dephasing time τ φ (E, T ) of electrons at temperature T and energy E above the Fermi level can be obtained from the correlation magnetic field. In samples with localization length comparable to sample size, h/τ φ (E, T ) ≈ E, for E ≫ kBT , which shows that the Fermi liquid description of electron transport breaks down at length scale comparable to the localization length.

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“… 42 In that review, and in the studies mentioned above, NP formation triggered by an oxidation route has not been mentioned at all, which is electrochemically more common. 43 − 45 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Situ XPS Monitoring and Characterization of Electrochemically Prepared Au Nanoparticles in an Ionic Liquid

et al. 2017

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Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have been electrochemically prepared in situ and in vacuo using two different electrochemical device configurations, containing an ionic liquid (IL), N-N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, that serves both as reaction and as stabilizing media for the NPs. It was observed in both devices that Au NPs were created using an anodically triggered route. The created Au NPs are relatively small (3–7 nm) and reside within the IL medium. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is utilized to follow not only the formation of the NPs but also their charging/discharging properties, by monitoring the charging shifts of the Au4f peak representing the electrodes and also the Au NPs as well as the F1s peak of the IL after polarizing one of the electrodes. Accordingly, DC polarization across the electrodes leads to a uniform binding energy shift of F1s of the IL along with that of Au4f of the NPs within. Moreover, this shift corresponds to only half of the applied potential. AC polarization brings out another dimension for demonstrating further the harmony between the charging/discharging property of the IL medium and the Au NPs in temporally and laterally resolved fashions. Polarization of the electrodes result in perfect spectral separation of the Au4f peaks of the NPs from those of the metal in both static (DC) and in time- and position-dependent (AC) modes.

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Transistor behavior via Au clusters etched from electrodes in an acidic gating solution: Metal nanoparticles mimicking conducting polymers

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Suppression of Spin-Orbit Scattering in Strongly Disordered Gold Nanojunctions

Suppression of Spin-Orbit Scattering in Strongly Disordered Gold Nanojunctions

Spin-based quantum interference effects and dephasing in strongly disordered Au nanobridges

In-Situ XPS Monitoring and Characterization of Electrochemically Prepared Au Nanoparticles in an Ionic Liquid

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