Transient strain accumulation and fault interaction in the Eastern California shear zone

Peltzer, G.; Crampé, F.; Hensley, Scott; Rosen, P. A.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0975:tsaafi>2.0.co;2

Cited by 211 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…InSAR was first used to measure the motion in earthquakes in the early 1990s (Massonnet et al, 1993), and by the early 2000s it was possible to combine multiple interferograms to measure tectonic strain (Wright et al, 2001, Peltzer et al, 2001). The methodologies have now become much more routine, and many key observations of the time-dependent deformation that occurs during the earthquake cycle have been made using InSAR (Wright et al, 2013).…”

Section: Seismic Hazard In the Continentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The earthquake deformation cycle

Wright

2016

A&G

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Abstract/Intro Paragraph.Earthquakes seem impossible to predict, yet they are associated with the slow deformation of tectonic plates. In the 2015 Bullerwell lecture, Tim Wright reviews observations of time-dependent surface deformation in fault zones, and uses these observations to place constraints on feasible models of the earthquake deformation cycle. The results have implications for the mechanics of fault zones and the strength of the continental lithosphere, and are critical if we are to use short-term geodetic observations as tool for assessing seismic hazard.

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Section: Seismic Hazard In the Continentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The earthquake deformation cycle

Wright

2016

A&G

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“…In order to obtain the mean velocity field and to mitigate the turbulent atmospheric noise (e.g. Peltzer et al 2001), stacks are computed with 472 and 17 interferograms for the tracks 235 and 6, respectively (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Insarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current deformation in Central Afar and triple junction kinematics deduced from GPS and InSAR measurements

Doubre¹,

Déprez²,

Masson³

et al. 2016

Geophys. J. Int.

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S U M M A R YKinematics of divergent boundaries and Rift-Rift-Rift junctions are classically studied using long-term geodetic observations. Since significant magma-related displacements are expected, short-term deformation provides important constraints on the crustal mechanisms involved both in active rifting and in transfer of extensional deformation between spreading axes. Using InSAR and GPS data, we analyse the surface deformation in the whole Central Afar region in detail, focusing on both the extensional deformation across the Quaternary magmato-tectonic rift segments, and on the zones of deformation transfer between active segments and spreading axes. The largest deformation occurs across the two recently activated Asal-Ghoubbet (AG) and Manda Hararo-Dabbahu (MH-D) magmato-tectonic segments with very high strain rates, whereas the other Quaternary active segments do not concentrate any large strain, suggesting that these rifts are either sealed during interdyking periods or not mature enough to remain a plate boundary. Outside of these segments, the GPS horizontal velocity field shows a regular gradient following a clockwise rotation of the displacements from the Southeast to the East of Afar, with respect to Nubia. Very few shallow creeping structures can be identified as well in the InSAR data. However, using these data together with the strain rate tensor and the rotations rates deduced from GPS baselines, the present-day strain field over Central Afar is consistent with the main tectonic structures, and therefore with the long-term deformation. We investigate the current kinematics of the triple junction included in our GPS data set by building simple block models. The deformation in Central Afar can be described by adding a central microblock evolving separately from the three surrounding plates. In this model, the northern block boundary corresponds to a deep EW-trending trans-tensional dislocation, locked from the surface to 10-13 km and joining at depth the active spreading axes of the Red Sea and the Aden Ridge, from AG to MH-D rift segments. Over the long-term, this plate configuration could explain the presence of the en-échelon magmatic basins and subrifts. However, the transient behaviour of the spreading axes implies that the deformation in Central Afar evolves depending on the availability of magma supply within the well-established segments.

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“…However, for other fault zones, discrepancies between geodetic and geologic rates are often observed, and have led to suggestions of complex behavior such as slip pulses, strain waves, and possible relations to earthquake clusters and other non-linear spatial-temporal deformation processes (Meade and Hager, 2005;Marco et al, 1996;Rockwell et al, 2000;Peltzer et al, 2001;Bennett et al, 2004;Friedrich et al, 2004;Oskin and Iriondo, 2004;Dolan et al, 2007;Oskin et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceleration and evolution of faults: An example from the Hunter Mountain–Panamint Valley fault zone, Eastern California

Gourmelen

Dixon

Amelung

et al. 2011

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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We present new space geodetic data indicating that the present slip rate on the Hunter Mountain-Panamint Valley fault zone in Eastern California (5.0±0.5 mm/yr) is significantly faster than geologic estimates based on fault total offset and inception time. We interpret this discrepancy as evidence for an accelerating fault and propose a new model for fault initiation and evolution. In this model, fault slip rate initially increases with time; hence geologic estimates averaged over the early stages of the fault's activity will tend to underestimate the present-day rate. The model is based on geologic data (total offset and fault initiation time) and geodetic data (present day slip rate). The model assumes a monotonic increase in slip rate with time as the fault matures and straightens. The rate increase follows a simple Rayleigh cumulative distribution. Integrating the rate-time path from fault inception to present-day gives the total fault offset.

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Transient strain accumulation and fault interaction in the Eastern California shear zone

Cited by 211 publications

References 25 publications

The earthquake deformation cycle

The earthquake deformation cycle

Current deformation in Central Afar and triple junction kinematics deduced from GPS and InSAR measurements

Acceleration and evolution of faults: An example from the Hunter Mountain–Panamint Valley fault zone, Eastern California

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